Table 1.
Pre-clinical data on different forms of preconditioning in relation to STAIR criteria
| Ischemic PC | RIPC | HBO | Volatile anesthetics |
Erythromycin | Electro-acupuncture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | (Kirino, Nakagomi et al. 1996; Gidday 2006; Steiger and Hanggi 2007; Obrenovitch 2008; Dirnagl, Becker et al. 2009; Keep, Wang et al. 2010) | (Dave, Saul et al. 2006; Ren, Gao et al. 2008; Saxena, Bala et al. 2009; Hahn, Manlhiot et al. 2011; Jensen, Loukogeorgakis et al. 2011; Xu, Gong et al. 2011) | (Miljkovic-Lolic, Silbergleit et al. 2003; Matchett, Martin et al. 2009; Yamashita, Hirata et al. 2009; Keep, Wang et al. 2010; Cheng, Ostrowski et al. 2011) | (Nasu, Yokoo et al. 2006; Wang, Traystman et al. 2008; Li and Zuo 2009; Keep, Wang et al. 2010; Yung, Wei et al. 2012) | (Brambrink, Koerner et al. 2006; Koerner, Gatting et al. 2007) | (Xiong, Lu et al. 2003; Wang, Xiong et al. 2005; Wang, Peng et al. 2009; Wang, Li et al. 2011; Wang, Wang et al. 2012) |
| Dosing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Time window | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Histology + function | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Both genders | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| Multiple species (incl. gyrencephalic species) |
Rat, mouse, gerbil, rabbit (yes) |
Rat, pig (yes) |
Mouse, rat, gerbil (no) |
Mouse, rat dog (yes) |
Rat (no) |
Rat (no) |
| Aging | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Hypertension | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Diabetes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Hyperlipidemia | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Permanent ischemia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Transient ischemia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Multiple laboratories | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Blinding | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Randomization | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
The extent to which pre-clinical testing of different preconditioning (PC) stimuli meets the STAIR criteria for treatment of ischemic stroke. It should be noted that for remote ischemic PC (RIPC), there have been far more studies examining protection of tissues other than brain. This Table is limited to PC stimuli that have been or are being studied in humans. The list of references gives examples or reviews of studies on a particular form of PC. For the notes on blinding/randomization, a ‘yes’ indicates that some studies have met those criteria. Some PC studies do not mention whether studies were performed on randomized animals or whether measurements were made by blinded observers. HBO = hyperbaric oxygen.