Table 2.
Model estimated means (M), standard deviation (SD) and Time × Group effects for the PSQI subscales.
| Groups | Statistical analyses1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Control waiting-list group | Factor | Factor | Interaction | ||||||
| Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | time | group | time × group | ||||
| PSQI subscale | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | η 2 | F | η 2 | F | η 2 |
| Sleep quality | 1.99 (0.53) | 1.31 (0.58) | 2.07 (0.59) | 1.98 (0.46) | 1.40 | 0.01 | 10.76*** | 0.09 | 18.25*** | 0.14 |
| Sleep latency | 1.71 (0.82) | 1.30 (0.67) | 1.93 (0.87) | 1.82 (0.90) | 0.28 | 0.00 | 4.09* | 0.04 | 2.38 | 0.02 |
| Sleep duration | 1.46 (1.01) | 0.94 (0.79) | 1.77 (0.94) | 1.66 (0.89) | 0.61 | 0.01 | 2.89 | 0.03 | 7.04** | 0.06 |
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 1.81 (0.97) | 0.96 (0.97) | 2.18 (1.06) | 2.05 (0.96) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 11.54*** | 0.10 | 11.33*** | 0.10 |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.40 (0.49) | 1.27 (0.45) | 1.61 (0.58) | 1.45 (0.50) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.72 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Use of sleep medications | 0.91 (1.20) | 0.66 (1.09) | 1.16 (1.29) | 0.80 (1.21) | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.53 (0.70) | 1.33 (0.63) | 1.61 (0.75) | 1.52 (0.73) | 4.27* | 0.04 | 2.04 | 0.02 | 1.50 | 0.01 |
| Reported sleep duration (h) | 5.71 (1.21) | 6.26 (1.06) | 5.44 (1.00) | 5.53 (0.90) | 0.15 | 0.00 | 1.65 | 0.02 | 6.07* | 0.05 |
| Reported SOL (min) | 36.80 (41.78) | 18.81 (15.75) | 41.32 (52.93) | 36.32 (47.52) | 2.94 | 0.03 | 0.63 | 0.01 | 4.85* | 0.04 |
1ANCOVA with the factors “time” (depicted) “group” (depicted) and “gender” (not depicted) and the covariate age (two-tailed).
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.