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. 2013 Feb 14;62(3):762–774. doi: 10.2337/db12-0570

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© 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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FIG. 3. — TM effects insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and expression and glucose uptake in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes. A and B: TM enhanced insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and expression in palmitate-free (control [CON]) and palmitate-treated (PA) C2C12 myotubes, as shown by immunofluorescence, which was attenuated by PPARδ and PI3K inhibitors. The green fluorescence indicates Glut4. Nuclei in all groups were stained in blue with DAPI. The images were collected using a Nikon TE2000-U inverted fluorescence microscope (A) and total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) (B). Experiments were repeated three times. C: TM increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes. TM did not increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without palmitate exposure. The [³H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake assays were performed in C2C12 myotubes. *P < 0.05 vs. CON. #P < 0.05 vs. insulin [INS]. Data are mean ± SEM from six experiments.

FIG. 3. — TM effects insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and expression and glucose uptake in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes. A and B: TM enhanced insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation and expression in palmitate-free (control [CON]) and palmitate-treated (PA) C2C12 myotubes, as shown by immunofluorescence, which was attenuated by PPARδ and PI3K inhibitors. The green fluorescence indicates Glut4. Nuclei in all groups were stained in blue with DAPI. The images were collected using a Nikon TE2000-U inverted fluorescence microscope (A) and total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) (B). Experiments were repeated three times. C: TM increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes. TM did not increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without palmitate exposure. The [³H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake assays were performed in C2C12 myotubes. *P < 0.05 vs. CON. #P < 0.05 vs. insulin [INS]. Data are mean ± SEM from six experiments.