Table 1. Sociodemographic and health characteristics of baseline PwP evaluation study participants.
| Overall (n = 3538) | Kenya (n = 1156) | Namibia (n = 1186) | Tanzania (n = 1196) | Country Differences* | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-value | |
| Gender | 0.5139 | ||||
| Male | 1483 (41.9) | 490 (42.4) | 514 (43.4) | 479 (40.1) | |
| Female | 2054 (58.1) | 665 (57.6) | 672 (56.7) | 717 (60.0) | |
| Age | 0.0045 | ||||
| 18–29 | 616 (17.4) | 229 (19.8) | 215 (18.1) | 172 (14.4) | |
| 30–39 | 1667 (47.1) | 545 (47.2) | 585 (49.3) | 537 (44.9) | |
| 40–49 | 980 (27.7) | 303 (26.2) | 306 (25.8) | 371 (31.0) | |
| ≥50 | 274 (7.8) | 78 (6.8) | 80 (6.8) | 116 (9.7) | |
| Education | <0.0001 | ||||
| No school | 340 (9.6) | 27 (2.3) | 95 (8.0) | 218 (18.3) | |
| Primary | 1890 (53.5) | 665 (57.6) | 403 (34.0) | 822 (69.0) | |
| Secondary | 1214 (34.4) | 394 (34.1) | 678 (57.2) | 142 (11.9) | |
| More than secondary | 88 (2.5) | 69 (6.0) | 9 (0.8) | 10 (0.8) | |
| Marital status | <0.0001 | ||||
| Married/living together | 2170 (61.4) | 822 (71.2) | 542 (45.7) | 806 (67.5) | |
| Single, never married | 781 (22.1) | 95 (8.2) | 608 (51.3) | 78 (6.5) | |
| Separated/divorced | 359 (10.2) | 156 (13.5) | 10 (0.8) | 193 (16.2) | |
| Widowed | 225 (6.4) | 82 (7.1) | 26 (2.2) | 117 (9.8) | |
| Number of wives (married/cohabiting males only) | 0.2266 | ||||
| 1 | 972 (94.8) | 381 (97.0) | 271 (93.5) | 320 (93.6) | |
| 2 | 53 (5.2) | 12 (3.1) | 19 (6.6) | 22 (6.4) | |
| Number of wives/partners husband lives with (married females only) | 0.1064 | ||||
| 1 | 943 (86.8) | 389 (91.8) | 187 (87.0) | 367 (81.9) | |
| 2 | 123 (11.3) | 31 (7.3) | 21 (9.8) | 71 (15.9) | |
| 3–5 | 21 (1.9) | 4 (0.9) | 7 (3.3) | 10 (2.2) | |
| Number of people in household | <0.0001 | ||||
| 1–2 | 719 (20.4) | 313 (27.1) | 193 (16.4) | 213 (17.9) | |
| 3–4 | 1218 (34.6) | 513 (44.5) | 312 (26.5) | 393 (33.0) | |
| 5–6 | 826 (23.4) | 258 (22.4) | 244 (20.7) | 324 (27.2) | |
| ≥7 | 761 (21.6) | 70 (6.1) | 429 (36.4) | 262 (22.0) | |
| Have children (% yes) | 3196 (90.4) | 1084 (93.9) | 1059 (89.3) | 1053 (88.0) | <0.0001 |
| Number of living children (of those with children) | 0.0218 | ||||
| 0–1 | 762 (23.9) | 268 (24.7) | 254 (24.1) | 240 (22.8) | |
| 2 | 868 (27.2) | 327 (30.2) | 283 (26.8) | 258 (24.5) | |
| 3 | 659 (20.6) | 234 (21.6) | 209 (19.8) | 216 (20.5) | |
| ≥4 | 904 (28.3) | 255 (23.5) | 310 (29.4) | 339 (32.2) | |
| Religion | <0.0001 | ||||
| Roman Catholic | 728 (20.6) | 311 (27.0) | 236 (19.9) | 181 (15.1) | |
| Evangelical/Pentecostal | 954 (27.0) | 251 (21.8) | 670 (56.6) | 33 (2.8) | |
| Islamic/Muslim | 912 (25.8) | 9 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 903 (75.5) | |
| Protestant | 477 (13.5) | 428 (37.1) | 7 (0.6) | 42 (3.5) | |
| Other | 463 (13.1) | 155 (13.4) | 271 (22.9) | 37 (3.1) | |
| Paid work last 6 mos. (% yes) | 1565 (44.3) | 744 (64.4) | 555 (46.9) | 266 (22.3) | <0.0001 |
| Paid work last 7 days (% yes, of those who worked in past 6 mos.) | 1307 (83.3) | 651 (87.5) | 452 (81.2) | 204 (76.1) | 0.0589 |
| Monthly household income b | 0.0079 | ||||
| <30 USD | 929 (30.8) | 225 (20.6) | 301 (27.6) | 403 (48.4) | |
| 30–99 | 1131 (37.5) | 524 (48.0) | 328 (30.1) | 279 (33.5) | |
| ≥100 | 954 (31.7) | 344 (31.5) | 460 (42.2) | 150 (18.0) | |
| Years since HIV diagnosis | <0.0001 | ||||
| <1 years | 925 (26.2) | 331 (28.7) | 189 (16.0) | 405 (33.9 | |
| 1 to <2 years | 806 (22.8) | 283 (24.5) | 200 (16.9) | 323 (27.0) | |
| 2 to <3 years | 723 (20.5) | 250 (21.7) | 218 (18.4) | 255 (21.3) | |
| ≥3 years | 1081 (30.6) | 291 (25.2) | 577 (48.7) | 213 (17.8) | |
| Most recent CD4 | 0.4564 | ||||
| <200 | 828 (23.7) | 245 (21.3) | 304 (26.1) | 279 (23.6) | |
| 200–349 | 1036 (29.6) | 338 (29.3) | 341 (29.3) | 357 (30.2) | |
| 350–500 | 797 (22.8) | 278 (24.1) | 269 (23.1) | 250 (21.2) | |
| ≥501 | 838 (24.0) | 291 (25.3) | 252 (21.6) | 295 (25.0) |
Notes. Percentages may not total to 100% due to rounding. The number of participants for individual variables may not sum to overall totals due to non-response from some participants.
*
F-statistics used to test for country differences.
a
One Muslim observation was added per site in Namibia (6 total) to allow the model to converge.
b
Local currency was converted to US dollars (USD) for comparability.