Table 1. Incidence of catastrophic health expenditure by illness and household characteristics.

Variable	Frequency (n = 1593)	Frequency of catastrophic expenditure	Proportion (95% CI)	P-value
Illness and care-seeking behavior
Care-seeking behavior
Inpatient	65	44	68.5 (56.6–78.4)	<0.01
Outpatient public	253	23	9.0 (5.6–14.2)
Outpatient private	385	35	9.3 (6.5–13.1)
Outpatient public and private	105	14	16.9 (10.2–26.8)
Self-medication/traditional healer	785	21	2.8 (1.6–4.8)
Member with chronic disease
Yes	1148	115	10.5 (8.3–13.3)	0.01
No	445	22	5.2 (3.1–8.5)
Household characteristics
Household member over 65 years
Yes	136	16	11.0 (6.4–18.3)	0.4
No	1457	121	8.8 (7.0–11.1)
Gender of household head
Male	1447	124	8.9 (7.2–11.0)	0.9
Female	146	13	9.5 (4.2–19.9)
Educational status of household head
No education	258	36	15.2 (11.1–20.5)	<0.01
Primary	310	38	11.4 (7.8–16.6)
Secondary	420	33	7.2 (5.0–10.2)
Higher	605	30	5.9 (4.1–8.4)
Household consumption quintile
Quintile 1 (poorest)	319	47	14.3 (10.3–19.6)	<0.01
Quintile 2	319	30	9.7 (6.2–15.0)
Quintile 3	318	30	9.2 (5.7–14.5)
Quintile 4	319	20	7.1 (4.3–11.4)
Quintile 5 (richest)	318	10	3.4 (1.7–6.4)

All percentages and confidence intervals incorporate the effect of the probability sampling structure.