Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Variable | n (%) Yes |
|---|---|
| Female | 177 (42) |
| Male | 242 (58) |
| Age groups: | |
| Newborn (< 1 mo) | 42 (10) |
| Infant (1 mo – < 1 yr) | 148 (35) |
| Pre-school (1 yr – < 5 yrs) | 109 (26) |
| Pre-adolescent (6 yrs – < 10 yrs) | 44 (11) |
| Adolescent (10 yrs–< 18 yrs) | 76 (18) |
| Ethnicity: | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 78 (19) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 259 (62) |
| Unknown | 82 (20) |
| Race: | |
| Black or African American | 95 (23) |
| White | 236 (56) |
| Other/Unknown | 88 (21) |
| Primary Diagnosis: | |
| Cardiac | 131 (31) |
| Neurological | 14 (3) |
| Respiratory | 131 (31) |
| Shock | 32 (8) |
| Surgical/Trauma | 54 (13) |
| Transplant | 21 (5) |
| Other | 36 (9) |
| Post Operative | 210 (50) |
| Types of Surgery (N = 210): | |
| Cardiac surgery | 97 (46) |
| Neurosurgery | 13 (6) |
| Orthopedic surgery | 6 (3) |
| Transplant | 21 (10) |
| Trauma | 7 (3) |
| Other | 66 (31) |
| Opioid therapy initiated with: | |
| Fentanyl | 267 (64) |
| Morphine | 152 (36) |