. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013 Jan;14(1):27–36. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e318253c80e

Table 2.

Opioid and Benzodiazepine Usein All Patients

Opioids, N=419	Minimum, Maximum	Median (Interquartile Range)
Baseline opioid dose (μg/kg/day)	1.2, 161.5	34.9 (20.9, 60.2)
Average daily dose (μg/kg/day)	1.1, 185.5	34.0 (15.4, 53.8)
Total cumulative dose (μg/kg)	3.4, 2431	179.7 (72.5, 436.1)
Peak infusion rate (μg/kg/hr)	0.1, 16.0	2.5 (1.0, 4.0)
Duration of opioid infusion (hrs)	5.3, 336.0	104.1 (57.7, 213.0)
Duration on study (hrs)	33.0, 336.0	133.2 (74.5, 233.5)
Interval between unit admission and opioid infusion (hrs)	0, 865.7	3.3 (1.1, 8.8)

	Rate	95% Confidence Interval
Doubling of opioid dose at 7 days	0.16 (66/419)	0.12, 0.19
Doubling of opioid dose at 14 days	0.20 (83/419)	0.16, 0.24

Benzodiazepines, N=387^a	Minimum, Maximum	Median (Interquartile Range)

Days receiving benzodiazepines	1, 14	5 (3, 9)
Average daily dose (mg/kg)	0.02, 23.4	1.1 (0.2, 2.9)
Total dose (mg/kg)	0.02, 227	4.1 (0.7, 18.1)

IQR = interquartile range (25th, 75th percentile). Morphine doses were converted to fentanyl equivalents using well-definedopioid potency ratios (1:80).

387/419 (92%) of patients received midazolam or lorazepam during the study period.

Average daily dose is basedonly on the days when any benzodiazepines were received.