Table 2.
Postural performance of intervention group (IG) and control group (CG).
| Subtest | X | Y | rmANOVA | Scatter | Scatter | rmANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D:Direction | Medio-lateral | Anterior-posterior | D:Direction | ||||
| DG:Direction session | DG:Direction session | ||||||
| A. INTERVENTION GROUP | |||||||
| 1. Arms reached out | Pre | −0.22 ± 2.08 | 6.06 ± 6.38 | D: F(1, 40) = 21.988; p ≤ 0.001 | 0.72 ± 0.21 | 2.31 ± 0.48 | D: F(1, 40) = 227.941; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −0.39 ± 3.34 | 4.27 ± 5.14 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.483; p = 0.491 | 0.81 ± 0.68 | 2.32 ± 0.74 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.174; p = 0.679 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.424 | 0.161 | 0.284 | 0.491 | |||
| 2. Eyes closed | Pre | −0.0001 ± 0.0016 | −0.001 ± 0.002 | D: F(1, 40) = 21.624; p ≤ 0.001 | 0.88 ± 0.51 | 3.23 ± 1.22 | D: F(1, 40) = 213.505; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | 0.0027 ± 0.0026 | 0.002 ± 0.003 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.011; p = 0.916 | 0.88 ± 0.31 | 3.35 ± 1.38 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.110; p = 0.742 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.215 | 0.235 | 0.485 | 0.389 | |||
| 3. Arms reached out, eyes closed | Pre | 0.14 ± 2.15 | 7.80 ± 5.38 | D: F(1, 40) = 49.125; p ≤ 0.001 | 0.97 ± 0.46 | 3.47 ± 0.94 | D: F(1, 40) = 473.074; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −0.68 ± 4.18 | 6.27 ± 5.02 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.117; p = 0.734 | 0.76 ± 0.22 | 3.82 ± 0.87 | DG: F(1, 40) = 4.983; p = 0.031 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.215 | 0.173 | 0.029 | 0.108 | |||
| 4. Displacement to upper right | Pre | 20.76 ± 10.82 | 14.64 ± 13.79 | D: F(1, 40) = 0.448; p = 0.507 | 1.63 ± 0.70 | 3.37 ± 0.97 | D: F(1, 40) = 77.040; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | 22.98 ± 9.00 | 25.69 ± 13.93 | DG: F(1, 40) = 3.008; p = 0.091 | 2.41 ± 1.28 | 3.89 ± 1.79 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.466; p = 0.499 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.236 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.122 | |||
| 5. Displacement to upper left | Pre | −24.48 ± 12 | 16.75 ± 14.62 | D: F(1, 40) = 218.590; p ≤ 0.001 | 1.96 ± 0.52 | 3.49 ± 1.08 | D: F(1, 40) = 40.546; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −29.49 ± 10.45 | 30.24 ± 13.32 | DG: F(1, 40) = 7.336; p = 0.010 | 2.28 ± 1.54 | 3.56 ± 1.69 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.654; p = 0.423 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.081 | 0.002 | 0.188 | 0.445 | |||
| 6. Displacement to lower right | Pre | 12.07 ± 10.63 | −10.07 ± 9.94 | D: F(1, 40) = 159.018; p ≤ 0.001 | 1.86 ± 0.77 | 3.78 ± 1.39 | D: F(1, 40) = 54.245; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | 18.08 ± 9.97 | −09.00 ± 13.67 | DG: F(1, 40) = 1.646; p = 0.207 | 2.57 ± 1.27 | 3.89 ± 1.60 | DG: F(1, 40) = 1.874; p = 0.182 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.033 | 0.393 | 0.017 | 0.401 | |||
| 7. Displacement to lower left | Pre | −15.92 ± 9.51 | −9.47 ± 10.34 | D: F(1, 40) = 20.567; p ≤ 0.001 | 1.95 ± 1.29 | 3.83 ± 1.84 | D: F(1, 40) = 105.247; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −24.19 ± 11.55 | −4.56 ± 12.86 | DG: F(1, 40) = 4.425; p = 0.042 | 2.29 ± 1.45 | 4.16 ± 1.95 | DG: F(1, 40) = 0.001; p = 0.971 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.008 | 0.095 | 0.214 | 0.290 | |||
| B. CONTROL GROUP | |||||||
| 1. Arms reached out | Pre | −0.23 ± 1.40 | 0.95 ± 5.83 | D: F(1, 14) = 4.554; p = 0.051 | 0.66 ± 0.21 | 2.57 ± 0.58 | D: F(1, 14) = 173.505; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −0.21 ± 1.89 | 5.01 ± 4.28 | DG: F(1, 14) = 1.821; p = 0.199 | 0.62 ± 0.27 | 2.16 ± 0.60 | DG: F(1, 14) = 2.007; p = 0.178 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.492 | 0.067 | 0.369 | 0.092 | |||
| 2. Eyes closed | Pre | −0.0003 ± 0.0009 | 0.002 ± 0.003 | D: F(1, 14) = 11.841; p = 0.004 | 0.64 ± 0.26 | 2.97 ± 0.72 | D: F(1, 14) = 160.183; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −0.0001 ± 0.001 | 0.003 ± 0.003 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.547; p = 0.472 | 0.75 ± 0.34 | 3.11 ± 1.06 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.005; p = 0.944 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.287 | 0.161 | 0.234 | 0.382 | |||
| 3. Arms reached out, eyes closed | Pre | −3.03 ± 1.43 | 4.82 ± 6.52 | D: F(1, 14) = 15.717; p = 0.001 | 0.79 ± 0.41 | 3.57 ± 1.58 | D: F(1, 14) = 84.951; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −0.39 ± 1.81 | 7.95 ± 5.67 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.903; p = 0.358 | 0.77 ± 0.23 | 3.60 ± 0.98 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.005; p = 0.942 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.454 | 0.161 | 0.455 | 0.485 | |||
| 4. Displacement to upper right | Pre | 23.52 ± 8.56 | 16.33 ± 12.71 | D: F(1, 14) = 14.441; p = 0.002 | 1.26 ± 0.50 | 3.36 ± 1.00 | D: F(1, 14) = 112.533; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | 24.71 ± 10.15 | 14.83 ± 11.07 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.356; p = 0.560 | 1.48 ± 0.91 | 3.83 ± 0.76 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.360; p = 0.558 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.403 | 0.402 | 0.284 | 0.155 | |||
| 5. Displacement to upper left | Pre | −25.58 ± 9.59 | 21.70 ± 14.68 | D: F(1, 14) = 55.435; p ≤ 0.001 | 1.32 ± 0.41 | 3.90 ± 1.05 | D: F(1, 14) = 42.513; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | −27.63 ± 12.18 | 19.74 ± 16.75 | DG: F(1, 14) ≤ 0.000; p = 0.994 | 1.95 ± 0.68 | 3.97 ± 1.68 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.606; p = 0.449 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.356 | 0.404 | 0.022 | 0.458 | |||
| 6. Displacement to lower right | Pre | 14.28 ± 12.78 | −11.85 ± 7.40 | D: F(1, 14) = 40.046; p ≤ 0.001 | 1.80 ± 0.81 | 3.99 ± 1.80 | D: F(1, 14) = 29.543; p ≤ 0.001 |
| Post | 11.30 ± 13.76 | −8.84 ± 10.69 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.672; p = 0.426 | 1.91 ± 0.88 | 3.73 ± 1.24 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.249; p = 0.626 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.330 | 0.261 | 0.404 | 0.370 | |||
| 7. Displacement to lower left | Pre | −12.10 ± 9.12 | −8.36 ± 8.93 | D: F(1, 14) = 1.873; p = 0.193 | 2.45 ± 1.02 | 3.23 ± 1.02 | D: F(1, 14) = 7.644; p = 0.015 |
| Post | −15.09 ± 8.04 | −8.66 ± 10.87 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.131; p = 0.723 | 2.04 ± 0.61 | 3.56 ± 1.30 | DG: F(1, 14) = 0.813; p = 0.383 | |
| t-test (p) | 0.249 | 0.476 | 0.325 | 0.287 | |||