Table 3.
Predictors of Recurrent Tuberculosisa
| Variable | No Recurrent Tuberculosis (n = 376), No. (%) | Recurrent Tuberculosis (n = 26) | Univariable HR (95% CI) | P Value | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yb | 27.0 (22.4–36.4) | 30.4 (23.7–40.4) | 1.02 (.99–1.05) | .32 | 1.00 (.96–1.03) | .83 |
| Female sex | 150 (40) | 8 (31) | 0.61 (.26–1.40) | .24 | ||
| Low BMI or malnutrition (n = 348)c | 95 (29) | 5 (23) | 0.68 (.25–1.87) | .45 | ||
| Number of prior tuberculosis regimensb | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | 1.11 (.89–1.39) | .36 | ||
| Received an aggressive regimen for ≥18 mo after sputum conversion | 233 (62) | 10 (38) | 0.40 (.18–.88) | .02 | 0.40 (.17–.96) | .04 |
| Bilateral chest cavitations (n = 389) | 183 (50) | 12 (46) | 0.88 (.41–1.90) | .74 | ||
| Alcohol or substance use (n = 367) | 53 (15) | 2 (9) | 0.58 (.14–2.47) | .46 | ||
| Ever smoked cigarettes (n = 367) | 38 (11) | 2 (9) | 1.02 (.24–4.38) | .98 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (n = 360) | 6 (2) | 3 (13) | 5.96 (1.75–20.29) | .004 | 10.47 (2.17–50.60) | .004 |
| Psychiatric disorder (n = 373) | 54 (15) | 4 (16.7) | 0.99 (.34–2.93) | .99 | ||
| Resistant to ≥5 drugs | 256 (68) | 21 (80.8) | 1.91 (.72–5.08) | .19 | 1.54 (.31–4.56) | .43 |
| Received prior standardized MDR tuberculosis regimen | 160 (43) | 16 (62) | 2.16 (.98–4.78) | .06 | 2.22 (.98–5.03) | .06 |
| XDR tuberculosis | 23 (6) | 3 (12) | 1.64 (.49–5.48) | .42 | 1.09 (.31–3.76) | .90 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MDR, multidrug resistant; XDR, extensively drug resistant.
a Sample size is 402 unless otherwise specified.
b Continuous variable, median (interquartile range) presented.
c Body mass index <18.5 in women or <20 in men, or a clinician diagnosis of malnutrition.