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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Commun. 2013;4:1494. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2493

Figure 1. Irradiation decreases epithelial morphogenesis and parasympathetic innervation.

Figure 1

(A) Submandibular glands (SMG) from E13 K5-venus transgenic mice irradiated (IR dose of 5 and 7 Gy) and cultured for 5 days. Whole-mount images of K5-venus and nerves (Tubb3) are shown. Arrows point to ducts and arrowheads point to small ganglia. Scale bar, 200 μM. (B) Quantitation of epithelial morphogenesis (End bud number), innervation (Tubb3 fluorescence), and K5+ progenitors (K5-venus fluorescence) were quantitated and normalized to the control (C = 100%). 3–5 SMGs were used/group and experiments repeated 3 times, see SOM for details. ANOVAwith post hoc Dunnett’s test; ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. (C) qPCR analysis of gene expression in E13 SMGs 3 days after 7 Gy IR compared to control. Means ± SD from three experiments. A False Discovery Rate (Q) for multiple unpaired t tests was set to 5%; ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.025.