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. 2013 Feb 26;8(2):e57902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057902

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© 2013 Luo, Widmer

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) Diagrams for approach herkogamy (left) and reverse herkogamy (right). Theoretically, SAS (the proxy of herkogamy) is determined by two main components, the vertical (Dv) and horizontal separation (Dh) between stigma and anther. (B) A representative flower of A. lyrata showing considerable separation between stigma and anther in both vertical and horizontal directions. The inset shows an A. thaliana Col-0 flower for comparison (parts of petals and sepals were removed to improve visibility). Scale bar = 1 mm.