Fig. 4.

Suppression of fatal anaphylaxis and IgE immunoglobulin response in Hemophilia B mice through induction of oral tolerance. (a) hF.IX antigen delivery to the GALT. Peyer's patch and villi of ileum of CTB-FFIX-fed mouse stained for hF.IX (red), M cells (UEA-1, green), and CD11c (blue) are shown. (b) Mice survival in orally fed wild-type (WT, n= 10 mice at the onset of protein therapy), CTB-FIX (n=17), or CTB-FFIX (n=15) plant material after 0–12 intravenous injections of hF.IX protein. (c) IgE titers in WT-, CTB-, CTB-FFIX-fed mice, unfed mice that received antihistamine/anti-PAF before a sixth injection of hF.IX, and mice that received four hF.IX administrations. Arrows next to data points from unfed mice with four administrations of hF.IX protein indicate animals that died after a subsequent fifth injection. i.e., after 8 weekly i.v. injections of hF.IX. Copyright © by National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2010) 107: 7101–7106 [112].