Table 1.

Values of model parameters for the cardiovascular system in a healthy state and in heart failure. Values used to simulate heart failure are designated by parenthesis.

	Parameter	Description	Value	Units
Valves	Rt	Valve resistance	0.0025	mmHg/mL
Left	Ela	Elastance	0.25	mmHg/mL
atria	Vla 0	Unstressed volume	10	mL
	Ala	Left atria exponential constant	0.45	mmHg
	Bla	Left atria exponential constant	0.05	1/mL
	Ta	Atrial ejection time	0.09	sec
Left	Elv	Left ventricular elastance	3.25 (0.30)	mmHg/mL
ventricle	Vlv 0	Unstressed left ventricular volume	5	mL
	Alv	Left ventricle exponential constant	0.03 (0.18)	mmHg
	Blv	Left ventricle exponential constant	0.05 (0.016)	1/mL
Right	Era 0	Right atria elastance	0.25	mmHg/mL
atria	Vra 0	Unstressed right atrial volume	10	mL
	Ara	Right atria exponential constant	0.45	mmHg
	Bra	Right atria exponential constant	0.05	1/mL
	Ta	Atrial ejection time	0.09	sec
Right	Erv	Right ventricular elastance	0.75 (0.45)	mmHg/mL
ventricle	Vlv 0	Unstressed right ventricular volume	5	mL
	Ara	Right ventricle exponential constant	0.04	mmHg
	Brv	Right ventricle exponential constant	0.05	1/mL
Systemic	Rsa	Systemic artery resistance	0.15	mmHg s/mL
circulation	Csa	Systemic artery compliance	1.25 (0.65)	mL/mmHg
	Lsa	Systemic artery inertia	0.0022	mmHg s2/mL
	Rst	Systemic arterial tree resistance	0.8 (0.9)	mmHg s/mL
	Cst	Systemic arterial tree compliance	2.0 (1.5)	mL/mmHg
	Rsv	Systemic venous resistance	0.025 (0.020)	mmHg s/mL
	Csv	Systemic venous compliance	20	mL/mmHg
Pulmonary	Rpa	Pulmonary artery resistance	0.07	mmHg s/mL
circulation	Cpa	Pulmonary artery compliance	7.5	mL/mmHg
	Lpa	Pulmonary artery inertia	0.0018	mmHg s2/mL
	Rpt	Pulmonary arterial tree resistance	0.04	mmHg s/mL
	Csp	Pulmonary arterial tree compliance	0.5	mL/mmHg
	Rpv	Pulmonary venous resistance	0.003	mmHg s/mL
	Cpv	Pulmonary venous compliance	20	mL/mmHg
Cannulas	Ro	Cannula resistance	0.0054	mmHg s/mL
	Lo	Cannula fluid inertia	0.0122	mmHg s2/mL