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Conventional testicular sperm extraction (TESE). The illustration depicts TESE using a single open biopsy (see the text for a detailed description). Adapted from: Esteves SC, Agarwal A. Sperm retrieval techniques. In: Gardner DK, Rizk BRMB, Falcone T, Eds. Human assisted reproductive technology: future trends in laboratory and clinical practice. 1st. edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2011; pp. 41-53.
