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. 2013 Feb 6;88(2):267–274. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0375

Table 5.

Percentage of program participants exhibiting knowledge and confirmed use of WaterGuard, and able to demonstrate proper handwashing technique, at baseline (2007) and 3-year follow-up (2010), by health facility, Malawi*

District Clinic Participants enrolled at baseline Available at follow-up Knows how to use WaterGuard Positive chlorine residual in drinking water Observed WaterGuard use (WaterGuard and positive chlorine test result) Observed WaterGuard purchase (purchased WaterGuard, positive chlorine test result, and WaterGuard observed) Handwashing: lathers hands completely with soap
Baseline 2007 Follow-up 2010 Baseline 2007 Follow-up 2010 Baseline 2007 Follow-up 2010 Baseline 2007 Follow-up 2010 Baseline 2007 Follow-up 2010
Total 389 232 (60) 139 (36) 155 (67) 34 (9) 117 (54) 6 (2) 56 (24) 4 (1) 49 (21) 81 (21) 115 (50)
Blantyre 1 23 13 (57) 5 (22) 6 (46) 3 (13) 3 (23) 0 (0) 1 (8) 0 (0) 1 (8) 1 (4) 6 (46)
2 66 32 (48) 31 (47) 17 (53) 19 (29) 12 (38) 4 (6) 3 (9) 4 (6) 1 (3) 25 (38) 20 (63)
3 31 13 (42) 13 (42) 11 (85) 0 (0) 6 (46) 0 (0) 6 (46) 0 (0) 6 (46) 7 (23) 5 (38)
4 14 13 (93) 5 (36) 10 (77) 0 (0) 3 (23) 0 (0) 1 (8) 0 (0) 1 (8) 1 (7) 5 (38)
5 22 12 (55) 8 (36) 10 (83) 1 (5) 9 (75) 0 (0) 4 (33) 0 (0) 3 (25) 2 (9) 7 (58)
6 41 23 (56) 22 (54) 15 (65) 0 (0) 5 (22) 0 (0) 1 (4) 0 (0) 1 (4) 5 (12) 16 (70)
7 21 12 (57) 11 (52) 10 (83) 3 (14) 8 (67) 0 (0) 7 (58) 0 (0) 6 (50) 3 (14) 4 (33)
8 13 8 (62) 3 (23) 6 (75) 1 (8) 2 (25) 0 (0) 2 (25) 0 (0) 2 (25) 3 (23) 3 (38)
Salima 9 11 5 (45) 0 (0) 3 (60) 0 (0) 4 (80) 0 (0) 3 (60) 0 (0) 2 (40) 0 (0) 3 (60)
10 30 24 (80) 2 (7) 18 (75) 1 (3) 12 (50) 0 (0) 3 (13) 0 (0) 2 (8) 8 (27) 6 (25)
11 11 5 (45) 3 (27) 4 (80) 0 (0) 5 (100) 0 (0) 1 (20) 0 (0) 1 (20) 1 (9) 4 (80)
12 17 16 (94) 4 (24) 8 (50) 2 (12) 14 (88) 1 (6) 7 (44) 0 (0) 7 (44) 4 (24) 6 (38)
13 11 9 (82) 2 (18) 6 (67) 0 (0) 4 (44) 0 (0) 1 (11) 0 (0) 1 (11) 1 (9) 4 (44)
14 27 15 (56) 8 (30) 10 (67) 3 (11) 12 (80) 1 (4) 8 (53) 0 (0) 8 (53) 7 (26) 9 (60)
15 51 32 (63) 22 (43) 21 (66) 1 (2) 18 (56) 0 (0) 8 (25) 0 (0) 7 (22) 13 (25) 17 (53)
P for clinic-level analysis < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.001 < 0.001
*

Values are no. (%).

Baseline and three-year follow-up results were compared by using exact test of binomial proportions.