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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 27.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Oct;84(4):506–512. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2008.102

Table 1.

Ritonavir effect on intravenous and oral alfentanil and methadone pupil effect parameters

Control Acute ritonavir Steady-state
Ritonavir
IV alfentanil
 Maximum miosis (mm) 5.4 ± 0.5 4.8 ± 0.8
 Maximum miosis/dose (mm/mg) 5.0 ± 0.7 13.8 ± 3.8 a
 AUEC0-∞/dose (mm•hr/mg) 8.4 ± 3.3 24.5 ± 17.3 a
 AUEC0-∞/dose ratio (ritonavir/control) 3.1 (1.6, 6.1)
 CLIV, miosis (mg•mm−1•hre−1•kg−1) 2.3 ± 2.3 1.0 ± 0.9 a
 Effect t1/2 (hr) 0.9 ± 0.4 1.4 ± 0.8 a
Oral alfentanil
 Maximum miosis (mm) 3.3 ± 0.7 2.7 ± 0.9 2.4± 1.0
 Maximum miosis/dose (mm/mg) 1.1 ± 0.2 8.9 ± 3.5 a 8.0 ± 3.7 a
 AUEC0-∞/dose (mm•hr/mg) 3.0 ± 1.4 62.3 ± 46.1 a 28.2± 14.6 b
 AUE0-∞/dose ratio (ritonavir/control) 18.0 (10.9, 25.4) 7.3 (4.2, 12.8)
 CL/F miosis/F (mg•mm−1•hr−1•kg−1) 5.8 ± 3.6 0.34 ± 0.20 a 0.65 ± 0.67 a
 Effect t1/2 (hr) 1.8 ± 1.0 6.5 ± 4.1 a 2.9 ± 1.4 a

Subjects received 15 and 5 μg/kg IV ALF at the control and ritonavir sessions, respectively, and 43 and 4.3 μg/kg oral ALF at the control and ritonavir sessions, respectively. Maximum miosis and AUC are shown normalized to dose. All other variables are not dose adjusted. Results (n=11) are the arithmetic mean ± SD, except the AUC0-∞/dose ratio (ritonavir/control), which is the geometric mean (90% CI). b Subjects received 6.0 mg IV and 11.2 mg oral methadone HCl at all sessions. Results are the mean ± SD (n=11) except the AUC0-∞/dose ratio (ritonavir/control), which is the geometric mean (90% CI).

a

Significantly different from control (p<0.05)

b

Significantly different from acute ritonavir (p<0.05)