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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Oct;7(10):1611–1624. doi: 10.2217/nnm.12.133

Figure 3. Fabrication of ferromagnetic disks.

Figure 3

(A) Schematic of fabricating ferromagnetic microdisks using lithography and thin film deposition techniques. (B) Scanning electron micrograph of microdisks after photoresist lift-off. The inset shows a zoomed cross-section of individual disks. (C) Theoretical phase diagram of permalloy disk-shaped particles showing their magnetization state as a function of aspect ratio. Existence of magnetic vortices in submicron disks has been experimentally confirmed by many research groups. From the energy minimization viewpoint, the magnetic vortex state remains a stable (‘ground’) spin state for magnetically soft disks, down to sub-100 nm lateral dimensions.