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. 2013 Mar;41(3):550–553. doi: 10.1124/dmd.112.049734

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Copyright © 2013 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Fig. 1. — (A) Schematic representation of the nicotinamide clearance pathways. NAM is methylated by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) to MNAM and subsequently oxidized by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) to pyridone carboxamides (2-pyr and 4-pyr). Nicotinamide is oxidized to NAM N-oxide by an unknown microsomal activity (most likely P450). (B) Human microsomes exhibit NAM N-oxidizing activity. HPLC chromatograms of microsomal extracts in the absence of NAM (top panel) and presence of NAM (middle panel). HPLC chromatogram of NAM N-oxide standard (bottom panel). NAM N-oxide peak is indicated by an asterisk (*).