Table 2.

Summary statistics of parameter estimates for rate asymmetry simulations with 500 taxa under low and high tip bias scenarios

Rate asymmetry	λ0	λ1	q10	q01	μ0	μ1
Speciation (Figure3)
Low Tip Bias (31:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.125	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.101 ± 0.018	0.125 ± 0.013	0.01 ± 0.003	0.01 ± 0.006	0.035 ± 0.031	0.029 ± 0.022
Medium Tip Bias (401:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.5	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.107 ± 0.119	0.502 ± 0.033	0.012 ± 0.007	0.09 ± 0.295	0.103 ± 0.33	0.034 ± 0.046
High Tip Bias (1801:10)
Simulated	0.1	2.0	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.377 ± 2.57	2.048 ± 0.124	0.018 ± 0.028	3.1 ± 7.6	1.78 ± 4.85	0.11 ± 0.17
Character Change (Figure4)
Low Tip Bias (21:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.1	0.005	0.01	0.03	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.103 ± 0.033	0.099 ± 0.011	0.005 ± 0.002	0.0099 ± 0.005	0.038 ± 0.053	0.03 ± 0.02
Medium Tip Bias (101:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.1	0.005	0.05	0.03	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.104 ± 0.032	0.098 ± 0.009	0.0058 ± 0.006	0.057 ± 0.218	0.048 ± 0.075	0.026 ± 0.014
High Tip Bias (401:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.1	0.005	0.2	0.03	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.142 ± 0.145	0.098 ± 0.008	0.008 ± 0.009	0.193 ± 0.443	0.281 ± 0.462	0.023 ± 0.014
Extinction (Figure5)
Low Tip Bias (21:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.1	0.01	0.01	0.06	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.1 ± 0.02	0.099 ± 0.01	0.009 ± 0.002	0.009 ± 0.006	0.063 ± 0.031	0.028 ± 0.016
Medium Tip Bias (31:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.1	0.01	0.01	0.09	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.077 ± 0.014	0.102 ± 0.009	0.009 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.013	0.093 ± 0.047	0.027 ± 0.014
High Tip Bias (101:10)
Simulated	0.1	0.1	0.01	0.01	0.3	0.03
Estimated (Mean ± Se)	0.116 ± 0.109	0.098 ± 0.008	0.013 ± 0.03	0.194 ± 1.2	0.29 ± 0.33	0.028 ± 0.015