Figure 2. Average inbreeding depression for the 10 species based on a) average inbreeding depression of the two investigated life history traits for each species (± SE) and b) average inbreeding depression of the four investigated stress resistance traits for each species (± SE).

Black bars are tropical species and grey bars are widespread species. Horizontal black lines represent averages for the tropical and widespread species. The species are: D. bipectinata (bipect), D. birchii (birc), D. bunnanda (bunn), D. hydei (hydei), D. melanogaster (mel), D. pseudoananassae (ps), D. repleta (rep), D. serrata (ser), D. simulans (sim) and D. sulfurigaster (sulf). Symbols: ‘T’ = ‘tropical’ and ‘W’ = ‘widespread’.