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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 28.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Care. 2012 May 29;25(2):181–185. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2012.687821

Table 1.

GEE results predicting therapeutic response at 9 months from demographic, psychosocial, and mental health factors assessed at ART initiation among 224 HIV-positive patients in Seattle, WA, USA.

Variables Name of scale #Items Reliability HIV-1 RNA viral load (log10 copies/mL)
CD4 lymphocytes (cells/ mm3)
Int Slopepre Slopepost pomni Int Slope pomni
Demographics
 Age in years 1 – −0.09 0.07 −0.07 0.85 −24.02 −0.29 0.45
 ART naive (%) 1 – 0.46* −0.25 0.03 0.02 −6.19 21.96* 0.04
 Employed (%) 1 – −0.22 0.07 −0.32 0.05 61.41 30.37* 0.003†
 Female (%) 1 – −0.10 0.16 −0.09 0.83 −12.79 6.57 0.74
 Heterosexual (%) 1 – −0.04 0.16 −0.15 0.90 −17.86 −14.49 0.10
 HS graduate (%) 1 – −0.15 −0.39 0.48 0.16 56.74 4.27 0.16
 Income <$553/ month (%) 1 – 0.07 0.14 −0.08 0.42 −17.68 −24.04* 0.003
 Partnered (%) 1 – −0.02 0.00 0.05 0.97 0.78 −1.99 0.96
 Race 3 0.60 0.58
  Black vs. White – 0.06 0.15 −0.07 −61.86* 5.22
  Latino vs. White – 0.11 −0.25 0.27 11.78 5.70
  Other vs. White – −0.27 0.61 −0.76 −59.25 −10.55
 Years since diagnosis 1 – −0.05 0.31* −0.34* 0.08 −11.03 −3.64 0.32
Psychosocial
 Alcohol abuse AUDIT 10 0.88 0.17 −0.11 0.06 0.23 −23.28 5.87 0.04
 ART knowledge Investigator’s 13 0.63 −0.17 0.09 −0.11 0.37 33.95** 1.16 0.11
 ART self-efficacy Investigator’s 14 0.96 −0.26** 0.20 −0.26 0.03 37.17** −5.48 0.14
 Drug abuse DAST 28 0.89 0.13 −0.11 0.14 0.55 7.39 −4.56 0.35
 General social support MOS-SS 20 0.47 −0.09 0.07 −0.13 0.52 −20.59 6.03 0.16
 Network orientation NOS 20 0.77 0.03 −0.03 0.12 0.13 13.44 −8.21* 0.03
 Perceived stress PSS 14 0.86 0.19* −0.23 0.24 0.27 3.02 −7.59* 0.03
 Physical health status MOS-HIV 20 0.80 −0.25** 0.21 −0.19 0.15 32.27** 6.86 0.02
 Social desirability MCSDS 10 0.57 −0.01 0.13 −0.09 0.32 −12.87 2.49 0.62
 Spirituality SBI-15 15 0.97 −0.03 −0.12 0.22 0.19 −23.73 1.04 0.30
Mental health
 Depression CES-D 20 0.92 0.14 −0.09 0.06 0.52 4.94 −7.23* 0.04
 Mental health status MOS-HIV 24 0.94 −0.21* 0.14 −0.12 0.22 12.03 7.86* 0.03
 State anxiety STAI 10 0.89 0.13 −0.10 0.14 0.49 −2.26 −4.44 0.33
 Trait anxiety STAI 10 0.89 0.14 −0.12 0.14 0.54 7.26 −6.61 0.09
*

p<0.05.

**

p<0.01.

†

Statistically significant after Benjamini-Hochberg alpha correction (bolded). All continuous measures were standardized (i.e., mean=0, SD=1).

Int, intercept; pomni, omnibus p value; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Test (Saunders, Aasland, Babor, de la Fuente, & Grant, 1993); DAST, Drug Base Screening Test (Skinner, 1982); MOS-SS, Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991); NOS, Network Orientation Scale (Vaux, 1985); PSS, Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, &Mermelstein, 1983); STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983); MOS-HIV, Medical Outcome Study HIV Health Survey (Hays, Sherbourne, & Mazel, 1995); MCSDS, Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1980); SBI-15, Systems of Belief Inventory (Holland et al., 1998); CESD, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977).