Table 2.
Members of the MMP family and their substrates
| MMP (Other Name) Chromosome Location | MW KDa Proform | MW KDa Active Form | Tissue Distribution | Collagen Substrates | Non-Collagen ECM Substrates | Non-Structural ECM Component Substrates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Collagenases MMP-1 (Collagenase-1) 11q22.3 |
55 | 45 | Fibroblasts, interstitial, tissue collagenase | I, II, III, VII, VIII, X, and gelatin | Aggrecan, casein, nidogen, serpins, versican, perlecan, proteoglycan link protein, tenascin-C | α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IL-1β, L-selectin, ovostatin, recombinant TNF-α peptide, SDF-1 |
| MMP-8 (Collagenase-2) 11q22.3 | 75 | 58 | Neutrophil, or PMNL collagenase | I, II, III, V, VII, VIII, X | Aggrecan, laminin, nidogen | α2-antiplasmin, pro-MMP-8 |
| MMP-13 (Collagenase-3) 11q22.3 | 60 | 48 | VVs, SMC, preeclampsia, breast cancer | I, II, III, IV | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, tenascin | Plasminogen activator 2, pro-MMP-9, pro-MMP-13, SDF-1 |
|
Gelatinases MMP-2 (Gelatinase-A) 16q13-q21 |
72 | 66 | Aortic aneurysm, VVs | I, II, III, IV, V, VII, X, XI | Aggrecan, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, proteoglycan link protein, versican | Active MMP-9, active MMP-13, FGF R1, IGF-BP3, IGF-BP5, IL-1β, recombinant TNF-α peptide, TGF-β |
| MMP-9 (Gelatinase-B) 20q11.2-q13.1 | 92 | 86 | Aortic aneurysm, VVs | IV, V, VII, X, XIV | Fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, proteoglycan link protein, versican | CXCL5, IL-1β, IL2-R, plasminogen, pro-TNFα, SDF-1, TGF-β |
|
Stromelysins MMP-3 (Stromelysin-1) 11q22.3 |
57 | 45 | VSMC, coronary artery disease, hypertension, tumor invasion, synovial fibroblasts | II, III, IV, IX, X, XI | Aggrecan, casein, decorin, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, proteoglycan, proteoglycan link protein, versican | α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, E-cadherin, fibrinogen, IGF-BP3, L-selectin, ovostatin, pro-HB-EGF, pro-IL-1β, pro-MMP-1, pro-MMP-8, pro-MMP-9, pro-TNFα, SDF-1 |
| MMP-10 (Stromelysin-2) 11q22.3 | 57 | 44 | Atherosclerosis, uterine, preeclampsia, arthritis, carcinoma cells | III, IV, V | Fibronectin, laminin, nidogen | Pro-MMP-1, pro-MMP-8, pro-MMP-10 |
|
Matrilysins MMP-7 (Matrilysin-1) 11q21-q22 |
28 | 19 | Uterine | IV, X | Aggrecan, casein, elastin, enactin, laminin, proteoglycan link protein | β4 integrin, decorin, defensin, E-cadherin, Fas-L, plasminogen, pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-7, pro-MMP-8, pro-TNFα, transferrin, and syndecan α2-antiplasmin |
| MMP-26 (Matrilysin-2, endometase) 11p15 | 28 | 19 | Breast cancer cells, human endometrial tumor | IV, gelatin | Casein, fibrinogen, fibronectin | Fibrin, fibronectin Pro- MMP-2 β 1-proteinase inhibitor |
|
Membrane-Type MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) Chr: 14-14q11-q12 |
66 | 56 | Human fibroblasts, SMC, VSMC, uterine, angiogenesis | I, II, III | Aggrecan, dermatan proteoglycan, fibrin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, tenascin, vitronectin | αvβ3 integrin, CD44, gC1qR, pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-13, pro-TNFα, SDF-1, tissue transglutaminase |
| MMP-15 (MT2-MMP) 16q13 | 72 | 50 | Human fibroblasts, leukocytes, preeclampsia | I | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, tenascin, vitronectin | Pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-13, tissue transglutaminase |
| MMP-16 (MT3-MMP) 8q21.3 | 64 | 52 | Human leukocytes, angiogenesis | I | Aggrecan, casein, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, vitronectin | Pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-13 |
| MMP-24 (MT5-MMP) 20q11.2 | 57 | 53 | Leukocytes | None identified | Chondroitin sulfate, dermatin sulfate, fibronectin | Pro-MMP2, pro-MMP-13 |
|
Other MMPs MMP-11 (Stromelysin-3) 22q11.23 |
51 | 44 | Angiogenesis, uterine | Does not cleave | Laminin | α1-antitrypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, IGFBP-1 |
| MMP-12 (metalloelastase) 11q22.3 | 54 | 45–22 | Macrophages | IV | Elastin | Plasminogen |
| MMP-17 (MT4-MMP) 12q24.3 | 57 | 53 | Brain specific cerebellum, breast cancer | Gelatin | Fibrin | |
| MMP-18 (Xenopus Collagenase-4) 12q14 | 70 | 53 | Xenopus (amphibian) | I, gelatin | ||
| MMP-19 (RASI-1) Chr: 12-12q14 | 54 | 45 | Liver | I, IV, gelatin | Aggrecan, casein, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, tenascin | |
| MMP-20 (Enamelysin) Chr: 11-11q22.3 | 54 | 22 | Tooth enamel | V | Aggrecan, amelogenin, cartilage oligomeric protein | |
| MMP-21 (X-MMP) 10q26.13 | 62 | 49 | Macrophages, fibroblasts, human placenta | α1-antitrypsin | ||
| MMP-22 (C-MMP) 1p36.3 | 51 | Chicken fibroblasts | Gelatin | |||
| MMP-23 (CA-MMP) | 28 | 19 | Ovary, testis, prostate | Gelatin | ||
| MMP-25 (Leukolysin, MT6-MMP) 16p13.3 | 34 | 28 | Leukocytes, anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas | IV, gelatin | Fibrin, fibronectin, pro-MMP-2 | |
| MMP-28 (Epilysin) 17q21.1 | 56 | 45 | Skin keratinocytes | Casein |