Table 3.

Management of varicose veins

Treatment Strategy	Specific Treatment	Reference
Compression Therapy Pharmacological Treatment	Graduated compression stockings	[297]
Pharmacological Treatment	- α-benzopyrones (Coumarins)	- [447]
	- γ-benzopyrones (Favonoids)	- [304]
	- Saponosides (Escin, horse chestnut seed extract)	- [306]
	- Plant extracts (Blueberry and grape seed, Ginkgo biloba)	- [311]
	- Daflon-500	- [312]
	- Venoruton (Oxerutin)	- [309]
	- Others: Pentoxifylline, red vine leaves (AS-195), prostaglandin E1	- [317, 319, 320]
Sclerotherapy	Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), sodium morrhuate with polidocanol	[321]
Surgical Intervention	- Endovenous Ablation (Radiofrequency or infrared laser)	- [325]
	- Surgical stripping	- [329]
	- Phlebectomy (Stab phlebectomy, transilluminated power phlebectomy)	- [330]