Table 2.

Increased expression of TGF-β/BMP genes in Prdm16^−/− palate tissue

Gene	Fold-Increase
Bmp1	1.5 ± 0.2
Gdf7	1.9 ± 0.3**
Gdf6	1.8 ± 0.3*
Gsc	2.0 ± 0.1**
Il-6	1.8 ± 0.3*

Total RNA was purified from secondary palates isolated from wild-type and Prdm16^−/− littermates and cDNA synthesized and then analyzed by PCR array for the expression of 84 genes in the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways. The data are expressed as fold-increase ± S.E.M. in expression in palate tissue from E13.5 Prdm16^−/− embryos compared to wild-type embryos. Three independent litters were used.

^*p<0.05 or

^**p<0.01, one-way ANOVA