Table 2.

Studies evaluating NRF2-dependent gene expression by chemopreventive agents.

Chemical class	Agent	Animal/ tissue	Dosing	NRF2-dependently increased gene numbers	Major gene clusters	Ref
Dithiolethiones	D3T	Mouse/liver	6 and 24 h after a single administration (po)	106 and 231 genes were increased NRF2-dependently at 6 h and 24 h post treatment	Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (Phase 2 enzymes)/Antioxidant proteins/ Ubproteasome	Kwak et al., 2003
	D3T, oltipra z, TBD	Rat/liver	24 h after three dosing	226 genes were increased in three treatment groups	Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes/GSH metabolism/Antioxidant proteins	Tran et al., 2009
Isothiocyanates	SFN	Mouse/small intestine	24 h after 7 consecutive days (po)	50 genes were increased as NRF2-dependent genes	Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes/Antioxidant proteins/ GSH synthesis	Thimmulappa et al., 2002
	SFN	Mouse/liver	3 and 12 h after a single administration	1427 and 2353 genes were increased NRF2-dependently at 3 h and 12 h post treatment	Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes/Antioxidants/ Ubproteasome/Metabolism/Stress response/Cell cycle-growth	Hu et al., 2006
Phenolic Antioxidants	tBHQ	Mouse/primary cortical astrocytes	Incubation with 50 μM tBHQ for 24 h	202 genes were increased in an NRF2-dependent manner	Detoxification/Antioxidants/Reducing potential/Immune-inflammation	Lee et al., 2003
	BHA	Mouse/small intestine Mouse/liver	3 h after a single dose of BHA (200 mg/kg)	1,490 genes were increased NRF2-dependently 493 genes were increased NRF2-dependently	Detoxificationenzymes/Biosynthesis/Metabolism/ Transcription factors/Transporters	Nair et al., 2006
Triterpenoids	CDDO-Im	Mouse/liver	24 h after a single dose of CDDO-Im	225 genes were increased NRF2-dependently	Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (Phase 2 enzymes)/Antioxidant proteins/Transporters/Lipid-fatty acid metabolism/Carbohydrate metabolism	Yates et al., 2006 Yates et al., 2009