Table 4.

Age-standardized mean urinary concentrations (picomoles per mg creatinine) of estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) and multivariable-adjusted percent difference¹across categories of green tea intake in postmenopausal women

	Categories of green tea intake
	<1 per week (n = 62)	1-6 times per week (n = 32)		7+ times per week (n = 25)
	Urinary concentration	Urinary concentration	Percent difference	Urinary concentration	Percent difference	Ptrend
Total Estrogens and Metabolites	27.7	26.7	−6.2% (-33.7%-32.6%)	26.5	−10.5% (-36.0%-25.1%)	0.52
Parent Estrogens	5.81	3.89	−37.0% (-58.0%--5.4%)	4.01	−38.6% (-58.3%--9.6%)	0.01
Estrone	1.96	0.66	−41.1% (-60.5%--12.0%)	0.59	−47.0% (-63.9%--22.3%)	0.001
Estradiol	2.06	1.36	−41.5% (-65.9%-0.1%)	1.46	−36.0% (-61.8% -7.2%)	0.09
2-Hydroxylation pathway	6.41	4.13	−33.6% (-57.2% -3.0%)	5.92	−15.1% (-44.4%-29.6%)	0.48
2-Pathway catechols	4.90	3.53	−30.8% (-58.4%-15.1%)	4.18	−20.3% (-51.1%-30.0%)	0.37
2-Hydroxyestrone	4.12	2.42	−31.5% (-59.0%-14.6%)	3.29	−24.9% (-54.3%-23.4%)	0.27
2-Hydroxyestradiol	0.65	0.4	−15.3% (-58.4%-72.6%)	0.80	6.7% (-45.1%-107.2%)	0.83
2-Pathway methylated catechols	1.18	0.89	−26.9% (-50.6%-8.1%)	1.39	9.7% (-24.8%-60.0%)	0.54
2-Methoxyestrone	0.72	0.48	−35.8% (-61.3%-6.2%)	0.68	−6.2% (-42.7%-53.4%)	0.85
2-Methoxyestradiol	0.11	0.08	−33.2% (-64.8%-27.0%)	0.12	19.3% (-36.7%-124.8%)	0.60
2-Hydroxyestrone-3-methyl ether	0.2	0.25	−19.4% (-52.8%-37.7%)	0.45	34.9% (-19.1%-124.8%)	0.17
4-Hydroxylation pathway EM	1.01	0.67	−40.1% (-59.2%--11.8%)	1.04	−13.6% (-40.6%-25.7%)	0.60
4-Pathway catechol: 4-Hydroxyestrone	0.81	0.49	−39.1%(-61.7%--3.0%)	0.73	−18.0% (-47.6%-28.2%)	0.43
4-Pathway methylated catechols	0.16	0.13	−14.1% (-49.0%-44.7%)	0.25	48.8% (-10.4%-146.9%)	0.11
4-Methoxyestrone	0.12	0.09	−9.5% (-45.7%-51.0%)	0.15	69.1% (2.0%-180.4%)	0.05
4-Methoxyestradiol	0.02	0.02	−29.9% (-70.7%-67.7%)	0.07	87.2% (-19.3%-334.2%)	0.08
16-Hydroxylation pathway	12.9	15.9	19.5% (-24.8%-90.1%)	13.4	−1.6% (-37.4%-54.8%)	0.95
16α-Hydroxyestrone	1.15	1.22	−6.7% (-42.1%-50.1%)	1.25	−22.1% (-50.6%-22.7%)	0.27
Estriol	5.41	7.24	24.3% (-32.4%-128.6%)	5.85	3.5% (-42.8%-87.6%)	0.91
16-Ketoestradiol	4.28	5.09	20.5% (-22.1%-86.3%)	3.86	−18.5% (-46.8%-25.0%)	0.36
16-Epiestriol	0.88	0.77	−20.6% (-48.9%-23.4%)	0.91	6.4% (-30.5%-63.0%)	0.75
17-Epiestriol	0.15	0.11	−8.8% (-53.5%-79.0%)	0.16	1.6% (-46.2%-91.9%)	0.94
Ratios
Parent estrogens / estrogen metabolites	0.27	0.17	−37.8% (-57.2%--9.5%)	0.18	−32.6% (-53.3%--2.8%)	0.04
2-Hydroxylation pathway / parent estrogens	1.10	1.06	8.7% (-29.4%-67.4%)	1.48	12.0% (-26.4%-70.6%)	0.60
4-Hydroxylation pathway / parent estrogens	0.17	0.17	6.0% (-37.4%-79.5%)	0.26	32.5% (-21.2%-122.6%)	0.28
16-Hydroxylation pathway / parent estrogens	2.22	4.08	95.0% (25.5%-202.9%)	3.34	57.1% (2.6%-140.5%)	0.05
2-Hydroxylation pathway / 16-hydroxylation pathway	0.50	0.26	−50.2% (-70.6%--15.5%)	0.44	−19.9% (-51.7%-33.0%)	0.41
4-Hydroxylation pathway / 16-hydroxylation pathway	0.08	0.04	−51.4% (-71.0%--18.6%)	0.08	−10.1% (-45.7%-48.8%)	0.69
2-Hydroxylation pathway / 4-hydroxylation pathway	6.34	6.15	7.6% (-14.9%-36.0%)	5.70	2.6% (-18.9%-29.9%)	0.87
4-Pathway methylated catechols / 4-pathway catechol	0.20	0.26	37.3% (-23.3%-145.7%)	0.35	86.1% (6.6%-225.0%)	0.03
2-Pathway methylated catechols / 2-pathway catechols	0.24	0.29	14.4% (-25.4%-75.4%)	0.32	33.6% (-11.2%-100.8%)	0.16

Derived measures of estrogen metabolism and statistically significant estimates are presented in bold font.

¹ Robust linear regression models were used to estimate percent difference in EM measures with 95% confidence limits across categories of green tea intake while adjusting for age and study center.

² Robust linear regression was used to test for trends in log-transformed EM measures across tea categories. P_trend was modeled using categories coded as 0, 1, and 2.