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. 2012 Jul 12;33(11):2108–2118. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgs242

Table IV.

Cooked poultry and prostate cancer risk, by cancer stage

Meat group consumption (g/1000 kcal/day) Controls Localized cases Advanced cases
n n ORa 95% CI ORb 95% CI n ORa 95% CI ORb 95% CI
Grilled poultry
 Never/rarely: 0.0 919 608 1.0Ref 1.0Ref 957 1.0Ref 1.0Ref
 Low: >0.0 to <11.2 87 64 1.4 1.0–2.1 1.4 1.0–2.1 113 1.3 1.0–1.8 1.3 0.9–1.7
 Medium: ≥11.2 to <22.5 44 28 0.9 0.5–1.5 0.9 0.6–1.6 42 0.9 0.6–1.4 0.9 0.6–1.4
 High: ≥22.5 43 15 0.7 0.4–1.4 0.7 0.4–1.4 27 0.7 0.4–1.2 0.7 0.4–1.2
 P trend 0.485 0.495 0.242 0.251
Oven broiled poultry
 Never/rarely: 0.0 952 612 1.0Ref 1.0Ref 990 1.0Ref 1.0Ref
 Low: >0.0 to <8.8 71 50 0.9 0.6–1.3 0.9 0.6–1.3 73 1.0 0.7–1.4 1.0 0.7–1.4
 Medium: ≥8.8 to <18.4 35 22 1.1 0.6–2.0 1.2 0.7–2.1 37 1.0 0.6–1.6 1.0 0.6–1.6
 High: ≥18.4 35 31 1.3 0.8–2.2 1.3 0.7–2.2 39 1.3 0.8–2.0 1.2 0.8–2.0
 P trend 0.375 0.393 0.438 0.521
Pan-fried poultry
 Never/rarely: 0.0 1010 634 1.0Ref 1.0Ref 1004 1.0Ref 1.0Ref
 Low: >0.0 to <7.7 42 45 1.9 1.2–3.1 1.9 1.2–3.1 73 1.5 1.0–2.3 1.5 1.0–2.3
 Medium: ≥7.7 to <15.8 21 20 1.3 0.6–2.5 1.3 0.6–2.5 28 1.2 0.7–2.2 1.2 0.7–2.2
 High: ≥15.8 20 16 1.2 0.6–2.5 1.2 0.6–2.5 34 1.6 0.9–2.8 1.5 0.9–2.7
 P trend 0.281 0.275 0.059 0.069
Baked poultry
 Never/rarely: 0.0 506 372 1.0Ref 1.0Ref 596 1.0Ref 1.0Ref
 Low: >0.0 to <8.1 294 181 0.7 0.6–0.9 0.7 0.6–0.9 296 0.8 0.7–1.0 0.8 0.7–1.0
 Medium: ≥8.1 to <19.0 147 87 0.8 0.6–1.1 0.8 0.6–1.1 135 0.7 0.6–0.9 0.7 0.6–1.0
 High: ≥19.0 146 75 0.7 0.5–1.0 0.7 0.5–1.0 112 0.7 0.5–1.0 0.8 0.6–1.0
 P trend 0.039 0.073 0.008 0.023
High temperature-cookedc poultry
 Never/rarely: 0.0 695 424 1.0Ref 1.0Ref 673 1.0Ref 1.0Ref
 Low: >0.0 to <9.7 199 156 1.4 1.1–1.8 1.4 1.1–1.8 260 1.3 1.1–1.7 1.3 1.1–1.6
 Medium: ≥9.7 to <18.8 100 74 1.2 0.8–1.7 1.2 0.8–1.7 104 1.0 0.7–1.4 1.0 0.7–1.4
 High: ≥18.8 99 61 1.1 0.8–1.6 1.1 0.7–1.6 102 1.2 0.9–1.6 1.1 0.8–1.5
 P trend 0.493 0.493 0.424 0.508
Well-done poultry
 Never/rarely: 0.0 636 451 1.0Ref 1.0Ref 624 1.0Ref 1.0Ref
 Low: >0.0 to <7.7 339 139 1.1 0.9–1.5 1.1 0.8–1.5 279 1.2 1.0–1.5 1.2 1.0–1.5
 Medium: ≥7.7 to <18.0 114 71 1.0 0.7–1.5 1.1 0.7–1.5 144 1.2 0.9–1.6 1.2 0.9–1.6
 High: ≥18.0 114 54 0.9 0.6–1.2 0.9 0.6–1.3 92 0.9 0.6–1.2 0.8 0.6–1.1
 P trend 0.462 0.515 0.531 0.424

aAdjusted for age (years), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30), total calorie intake (kcal/day) and family history of PCA (yes/no).

bAdjusted for age (years), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30), total calorie intake(kcal/day), family history of PCA (yes/no), total fat intake (g/day), alcohol consumption (g/day), cigarette smoking (pack-years), total fruit consumption (g/day), total vegetable consumption (g/day).

cHigh temperature-cooked poultry = poultry cooked by oven-broiling, grilling and pan-frying.