Table 2.

Smoking prevalence by sociodemographic, migration, and stress characteristics

Group	N	Number of smokers	%	X2	p
City worked				0.52	0.469
Guangzhou	764	528	63.4
Hangzhou	831	502	65.9
Age (years)				20.47	0.001
<20	96	49	52.0
20-24	407	236	58.5
25-29	408	257	62.6
30-34	366	253	69.8
35-39	168	122	74.4
40+	150	113	74.3
Education				7.68	0.053
elementary school or less	177	132	75.3
junior high school	831	522	62.4
high school	413	271	66.9
college or more	174	105	62.2
Region of origin (based on Chinese administrative regions)				9.96	0.208
North	98	59	60.9
Southwest	363	225	62.1
South	376	254	68.2
Middle East	269	186	70.2
Southeast	489	306	61.9
Marital status				12.70	0.002
never married	504	285	57.2
married	1051	719	68.6
widowed/divorced	40	26	64.2
Occupation				38.24	0.001
construction	754	574	72.4
machinery and transportation	402	220	53.4
textiles, electronics, and services	288	172	61.1
business	126	83	65.2
other	25	8	36.4
Annual household income (in Yuan)
<2000	386	266	60.7	5.09	0.079
2000-3999	482	336	72.1
4000+	602	428	66.6
Length of stay in city each year (months)				6.78	0.034
<5	339	223	65.7
5-8	238	169	78.6
≥9	1018	638	62.8
Period of living with wife in migration period – the married only (months)				0.33	0.849
<4	560	396	70.1
4-5	145	97	58.3
> = 6	346	226	68.2
Number of proximal friends in migration period				14.38	0.001
<4	551	319	57.6
4-5	458	321	70.3
> = 6	586	390	67.6
Life stress				4.28	0.039
low	1284	811	63.4
high	311	219	71.0
Work stress				5.93	0.015
low	1250	786	63.5
high	345	244	71.7