Table 4. Association of CES1 gene copy number with measures of adiposity and metabolic regulation.
| CES1 copy number | 21 | 3 or 41 | P-value |
| Age (years) | 73 (5) | 73 (5) | |
| n (male/female) | 168 (81/87) | 74 (28/46) | |
| BMI | 25.9 (3.5) | 26.3 (4.1) | 0.44 |
| WHR | 0.90 (0.10) | 0.89 (0.10) | 0.99 |
| Fasting TG (mM) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.66 |
| Fasting insulin (pM) | 50 (34) | 43 (20) | 0.04 |
| Fasting glucose (mM) | 5.9 (1.1) | 5.6 (0.6) | 0.06 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.6 (0.8) | 0.02 |
| ISIcomposite | 15.5 (7.7) | 17.1 (8.0) | 0.05 |
| 120-min glucose, OGTT (mM) | 8.7 (4.3) | 7.4 (2.2) | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol (mM) | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.7 (0.8) | 0.07 |
| LDL (mM) | 3.4 (2.5) | 3.3 (0.8) | 0.96 |
| VLDL (mM) | 0.60 (0.50) | 0.60 (0.26) | 0.97 |
| CES1 mRNA level | 0.98 (0.92) | 0.92 (0.83) | 0.63 |
| CES1P1 mRNA level | 1.9 (2.2) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.003 |
The statistical model is: ln(response variable) = age+sex+BMI+CES1 copy number.
1
Group average with SD in brackets. BMI: body-mass index; CES1: carboxylesterase 1 gene; CES1P1: carboxylesterase 1 pseudogene 1; HOMA-IR: homeostasis assessment model-insulin resistance; ISIcomposite: insulin sensitivity index (composite); LDL: low density lipoprotein; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; TG: triglycerides; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein; WHI: waist-hip ratio.