Figure 2. Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among all syphilis-positive women and by subgroup (tested or treated before the third trimester or during the third trimester).

ANC, ante-natal care. All adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) included: low birth weight, stillbirth, and preterm birth for Watson-Jones 2002; low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine death for Carles 2008; congenital syphilis, foetal death, and neonatal death for Zhu 2010.