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| Malawi (Mean(SD)) | The Netherlands (Mean(SD)) | |
| Medial angle (°)* | 139.69 (9.47) | 144.05 (8.83) |
| Ratio navicular height/foot length* | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.20 (0.03) |
| Navicular height (mm)* | 44.88 (6.56) | 52.76 (7.87) |
| Foot length (mm) | 266.02 (15.77) | 270.22 (17.59) |
| Foot width/length ratio* | 0.46 (0.03) | 0.44 (0.02) |
| AI* | 0.28 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.06) |
| Low arch (%) | 76.6 | 26.0 |
| Normal arch (%) | 22.1 | 33.8 |
| High arch (%) | 1.3 | 40.3 |
significantly different between the Malawi and Dutch group at p<0.05
