Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the study participants by categories of ECW/TBW and plasma aldosterone.
| ECW/TBW ≤48% | ECW/TBW >48% | |||||||
| Plasma aldoterone, pg/mL | Plasma aldoterone, pg/mL | |||||||
| <140 | 140–280 | >280 | <140 | 140–280 | >280 | |||
| Baseline values | (n = 69) | (n = 53) | (n = 87) | (n = 39) | (n = 56) | (n = 24) | ||
| Age (years) | 55±12 | 57±11 | 54±11 | 67±9 | 66±13 | 64±9 | ||
| Male (%) | 63.8 | 54.7 | 59.8 | 51.3 | 53.6 | 54.2 | ||
| Smoking history (%) | 34.8 | 32.1 | 29.9 | 30.8 | 28.6 | 37.5 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 23.2 | 24.5 | 12.6 | 38.5 | 51.8 | 50.0 | ||
| Prior CVD (%) | 20.3 | 22.6 | 13.8 | 38.5 | 30.4 | 29.2 | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 39.4 | 41.8 | 41.3 | 67.9 | 66.7 | 41.6b,c | ||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132±19 | 134±24 | 135±24 | 143±27 | 140±25 | 135±26b,c | ||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76±9 | 76±11 | 75±11 | 74±12 | 77±18 | 76±7 | ||
| RAAS blockade (%) | 15.9 | 28.3 | 29.9 | 28.2 | 30.4 | 37.5 | ||
| No. of antihypertensives | 1.5±1.0 | 2.0±1.0 | 2.4±1.5b | 2.5±1.5 | 2.4±1.5 | 1.4±1.0b,c | ||
| Statin use (%) | 11.6 | 17.0 | 19.5 | 17.9 | 14.3 | 12.5 | ||
| HD duration (months) | 67±49 | 65±53 | 68±56 | 59±47 | 67±52 | 74±74 | ||
| Kt/V urea | 2.0±0.6 | 2.0±0.3 | 2.0±0.4 | 2.0±0.4 | 2.3±0.9 | 2.0±0.3 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8±3.1 | 21.7±2.8 | 22.6±3.1 | 23.1±5.2 | 23.5±3.4 | 22.5±4.8 | ||
| ECW (L) | 12.4±1.5 | 12.3±2.2 | 12.8±2.2 | 13.9±2.2 | 13.0±1.9 | 13.6±2.1 | ||
| TBW (L) | 28.2±3.7 | 28. ±9 4.8 | 30.1±5.1 | 27.1±4.6 | 26.7±3.4 | 27.3±4.4 | ||
| ECW/TBW (%) | 44.2±2.9 | 42.7±4.1b | 42.7±3.1b | 51.4±2.9 | 50.9±2.8 | 49.9±2.0b,c | ||
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.53 (1.09–4.99) | 3.85 (1.26–5.79) | 4.76 (1.62–7.55)b | 6.12 (2.28–8.63) | 4.70 (0.94–8.06) | 1.53 (0.59–5.82)b | ||
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.42 (1.62–4.44) | 3.10 (1.87–5.84) | 3.85 (2.19–6.04)b | 5.42 (2.52–11.57) | 4.86 (3.04–12.36) | 3.62 (2.55–6.43)b | ||
| Albumin (g/L) | 39.5±3.1 | 39.9±3.4 | 40.0±3.2 | 36.8±1.3 | 38.9±3.5 | 39.3±4.0b | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193±45 | 189±40 | 183±30 | 177±32 | 180±34 | 185±38 | ||
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 133±68 | 130±60 | 128±48 | 122±53 | 120±47 | 121±49 | ||
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.03±0.37 | 4.02±0.37 | 4.01±0.37 | 4.00±0.36 | 3.99±0.37 | 3.98±0.37 | ||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.8±0.7 | 9.6±0.7 | 9.8±0.7 | 9.4±0.9 | 9.7±0.8 | 9.4±0.6 | ||
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.8±1.2 | 5.1±1.4 | 5.5±1.5 | 4.5±1.2 | 4.8±1.3 | 4.8±1.2 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.8±1.2 | 10.6±1.6 | 10.8±1.6 | 9.7±1.3 | 9.8±1.4 | 10.0±1.2 | ||
| EPO dose (u/kg/wk) | 51±44 | 72±50b | 52±45c | 89±31 | 87±41 | 77±36 | ||
| Ferritin (µg/L) | 323 (157–407) | 277 (142–541) | 271 (101–466) | 370 (272–675) | 393 (264–593) | 278 (239–514) | ||
| Transferrin saturation (%) | 29±12 | 24±10 | 28±14 | 27±14 | 27±14 | 26±15 | ||
For abbreviations see Table 1.
a
Comparisons among three groups in patients with ECW/TBW ≤48% and >48%, respectively. Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA test, Pearson x 2 test, and Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate.
b
P<0.05 versus patients with plasma aldosterone of <140 pg/mL.
c
P<0.05 versus patients with plasma aldosterone of 140–280 pg/mL.
Prior CVD category consisted of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease.