Table 2. Associations of risk factors at baseline with incidence of new neck/shoulder pain at follow-up.
| Risk factor | Number pain-free at baseline | Number (%) with pain at follow-up | Partially adjusteda | Fully adjustedb | ||
| PRR | (95%CI) | PRR | (95%CI) | |||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Nurses | 150 | 38 (25%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Office workers | 95 | 41 (43%) | 1.8 | (1.2–2.5) | 1.9 | (1.3–2.8) |
| Occupational activities | ||||||
| Work with hands above shoulderheight >1 hour | 92 | 36 (39%) | 1.4 | (1.0–1.9) | 1.2 | (0.9–1.8) |
| Lifting weights of ≥25 kg by hand | 45 | 16 (36%) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.1) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.1) |
| Psychosocial aspects of work | ||||||
| Incentives | 67 | 28 (42%) | 1.4 | (1.0–2.0) | 1.4 | (1.0–2.0) |
| Time pressure | 206 | 64 (31%) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.6) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) |
| Lack of choice | 55 | 17 (31%) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) |
| Lack of support | 44 | 12 (27%) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.4) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) |
| Job dissatisfaction | 66 | 26 (39%) | 1.4 | (1.0–2.1) | 1.5 | (1.0–2.1) |
| Perceived job insecurity | 141 | 48 (34%) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.4) |
| Mental health | ||||||
| Good | 68 | 16 (24%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Intermediate | 86 | 25 (29%) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.2) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.3) |
| Poor | 91 | 38 (42%) | 1.7 | (1.0–2.8) | 1.8 | (1.0–3.0) |
| Number of distressing somatic symptoms in past week | ||||||
| 0 | 129 | 39 (30%) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 45 | 14 (31%) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.8) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.5) |
| ≥2 | 71 | 26 (37%) | 1.3 | (0.9–1.9) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.8) |
Analysis was restricted to the 245 subjects who were free from neck/shoulder pain at baseline.
a
Adjusted for sex, age and occupation.
b
Adjusted for all of the risk factors in the table.