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. 2013 Feb 28;8(2):e57545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057545

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© 2013 Gerhardt et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Myocardial (violett), endocardial (orange) and most likely trabecular cilia (turquoise) regulate proliferation at distinct cardiac regions. In the ventricles, the cell proliferation in these regions results in wall thickness control, trabecular formation and a push of cells toward the base of the muscular ventricular septum (indicated by pink arrows). ECC cilia (yellow) seem to be different from the other cardiac cilia, since they do not regulate ECC proliferation. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; muVS, muscular ventricular septum.