Table 6.

Published regression models comparing airborne benzene concentrations with urinary benzene and SPMA concentrations.

Equation	Exposure group	n	Exposure range (ppm)	p Value, r	Reference
Urinary benzene (uB)
log uB (ng/L) = 1.4 + 0.65 × log [benzene (µg/m3)]	Chemical and service stations	110	0.02–4.1	p < 0.0001, r = 0.559	Ghittori et al. (1993)
log uB (ng/L) = 0.645 × log [benzene (ppm)] + 3.974	Chemical industry	124	0.01–0.5	p < 0.0001, r = 0.54	Ghittori et al. (1995)
log uB (nmol/L) = 0.64 log [benzene (ppm)] + 1.49	Shoe factory workers	42	0.12–68	p < 0.01, r = 0.5	Ong et al. (1995)
ln uB (ng/L) = 0.42 × ln [benzene (ppm)] + 7.72	Service stations	9	0.03–0.11	Not available	Lagorio et al. (1998)
ln uB (µg/L) = 0.2 + 0.71 × ln [benzene (ppm)]	Benzene used as a solvent	37	0.85–332	p < 0.0001, r = 0.72	Waidyanatha et al. (2001)
ln uB (nmol/L) = 5.42 + 0.886 × ln [benzene (ppm)]	Shoe factory workers	228	0.15–88.9	r = 0.65	Kim et al. (2006a)
Urinary SPMA
ln SPMA (mg/L) = −1.85 + 0.604 ln [benzene (ppm)]	Benzene used as a solvent	86	0.016–329	Not available	Waidyanatha et al. (2004)
log SPMA (µg/g cr.) = 1.644 + 0.712 × log [benzene (ppm)]	Chemical industry	145	0.01–21.1	p < 0.0001, r = 0.74	Ghittori et al. (1999)
log SPMA (µg/g cr.) = 0.657 × log [benzene (ppm)] + 1.592	Chemical industry	123	0.01–0.5	p < 0.0001, r = 0.63	Ghittori et al. (1995)
log [benzene (mg/m3)] = 0.782 × log SPMA (µmol/mol cr.) − 0.518	Chemical manufacturing and oil refineries	58	0.01–100	p < 0.0001, r = 0.885	Boogaard & van Sittert (1996)
SPMA (µg/g cr.) = 0.05 × [benzene (µg/m3)] + 1.0387	Traffic policemen	206	0.00003–0.02	0.0001, r = 0.35	Bono et al. (2005)
SPMA (µg/g cr.) = −0.15 + 0.067 × [benzene (ppb)]	Gas station attendants	70	up to 0.107	<0.01, r = 0.673	Inoue et al. (2001)