Table 1.

Model parameters

	Value	Definition
p1	$6.0594\times 10^{-5}\frac{1}{min}$	transition rate G1 → S
p2	$4.9861\times 10^{-3}\frac{1}{min}$	transition rate S → G2/M
p3	$8.9444\times 10^{-4}\frac{1}{min}$	transition rate G2/M → G1
p4	$3.3194\times 10^{-4}\frac{1}{min}$	apoptosis rate
p5	$0.056\frac{100\text{ml}}{\text{mg}}$	influence factor of glucose
p6	0.3 $\frac{\text{mg}}{100\text{ml}min}$	rate of glucose production
p7	0.003 $\frac{1}{min}$	glucose effectiveness
		at zero insulin
p8	$360\times 10^{-3}\frac{100\text{ml}}{\text{mg min}}$	insulin sensitivity
p9	0.622 $\frac{1}{min}$	secretion rate of insulin
p10	0.3 $\frac{1}{min}$	decay rate of insulin
p11	0.0337 $\frac{1}{min}$	rate of provision increase
p12	1.72×10−9 mg	average insulin amount per β‐cell
bv	3.33 ml	blood volume of 35g mouse
f	0.5	proportionality factor
h	5	Hill coefficient
P0	186.506 $\frac{\text{mg}}{100\text{ml}}$	Michaelis constant
${\overline{X}}_{\mathit{\text{max}}}$	1.65×10−3 mg	maximal amount of insulin
		per pancreas
k	3.3	Hill coefficient
C	149.78 $\frac{\text{mg}}{100\text{ml}}$	Michaelis constant

Parameters of model (9) used for the simulations shown in Figures 5 and 6 in Section ’Simulation’. The parameter values are based on biological experiments of [4,20,31,32].