Table 4.

Characteristics for ICU admission and death among patients with asthma hospitalized with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infection: comparison of patients with asthma admitted to an ICU or who died versus patients with asthma who were not admitted to an ICU and survived (n = 137)

Characteristic	Intensive care unit or deaths	Non-intensive care unit survivors	P-Value*
	No. (%) (n = 38)	No. (%) (n = 99)
Median days from onset to admission (range)	2 (0 – 15)	2 (0 – 20)	0.52
Admission within 2 days of illness onset	20 (53)	54 (55)	0.80
Median length of stay- days (range)	6 (0 – 47)	2 (1 – 10)	<0.01
Age 2–17 years old	12/38 (32)	42/99 (42)	0.24
Underlying medical condition excluding asthma	20 (53)	44 (44)	0.39
Pregnancy	3 (8)	5 (5)	0.83
Current smoker	7 (22)	16 (18)	0.82
Obese or morbidly obese†	8/29 (28)	21/69 (30)	0.29
Tachypnea	23/38 (61)	37/99 (37)	<0.01
Tachycardia	28/38 (74)	60/99 (60)	0.12
Mechanical ventilation	16/38 (42)	0/99 (0)	<0.01
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	9/38 (24)	0/99 (0)	<0.01
Sepsis syndrome	6/38 (16)	0/99 (0)	<0.01
Pneumonia at admission	22/37 (60)	23/86 (27)	<0.01
Seasonal flu vaccination	8/25 (32)	23/29 (39)	0.45
Influenza antiviral agent receipt
Any during hospitalization	32/38 (84)	68/99 (69)	0.07
≤2 days of illness onset	13/32 (41)	36/66 (55)	0.14
≤2 days of admission	22/30 (73)	57/62 (92)	0.02
Median days from illness onset to antiviral initiation (range)	3 (0 – 15)	2 (0 – 15)	0.15
Other treatment
Antibiotics	35/38 (92)	64/99 (65)	<0.01
Steroids	25/38 (66)	58/99 (59)	0.45

^*P-Values stratified by age-group.

^†Body-Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for a subset of patients for whom height and weight were available to determine obesity (BMI 30–39.9 in adults ≥18 years or BMI percentile 95–100 in children 2 to 18 years old) and morbid obesity (BMI ≥40 in adults only); pregnant women were excluded from this calculation.