Table 1.

Description of included socioenvironmental variables*†

Variable	Classification and description
Multiple deprivation	Weighted data from routine national sources across seven domains: income, employment, education, health, barriers to housing and services, living environment, crime. Continuous, z-standardised scores for analysis
Extent of deprivation	Proportion of LAD population living in 20% most deprived SOA in England (%)
Income deprivation	Proportion of all people in LAD classified as income deprived (%)
Employment deprivation	Proportion of adults of working age in LAD classified as employment deprived (%)
Population density	Population density at LAD level (people per hectare)

*Prediction sample sources: Population density—2001 census estimates; deprivation variables: 2004 Indices of Deprivation, predominantly collected from data sources close to ÆSOP and ELFEP case ascertainment periods (ie, 1997–2000).

†Validation sample sources: Population density—2009 mid-year census estimates; deprivation variables: 2010 Indices of Deprivation, predominantly collected from data sources just prior to the SEPEA case ascertainment period (2008).

IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LAD, local authority district; SOA, super output area.