Table 3.

Published studies on manipulation under anesthesia for frozen shoulder*

Study	Preoperative flexion	Preoperative abduction	Preoperative external rotation	Preoperative internal rotation	Followup flexion	Followup abduction	Followup external rotation	Followup internal rotation
Reichmister & Friedman [22]	111	97	12	32	171	171	78	84
Flannery et al. [5]	69	54	29	37	159	155	76	73
Quraishi et al. [19]	95	80	26	47	132	136	49	60
Farrell et al. [4]	104		23	L 5	168		61	T 12
Thomas et al. [24]	65	62	17	17	169	168	65	65
Kivimäki et al. [11]	104	78	18	38 cm	144	150	48	22 cm
Massoud et al. [14]	80	68	4	Buttock	152	146	40	L 1–L 2
Current study	100	78	11	Buttock	145	152	43	L 1

* Preoperative and followup active ROM, mean degrees.