. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 2.

Published in final edited form as: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Nov 21;208(1):143–158. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1716-z

Table 3.

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure on mecamylamine-precipitated somatic withdrawal signs.

	Experiment 2		Experiment 4
	Control (n=10)	Tobacco (n=8)	Control (n=6)	Tobacco (n=6)
Abdominal const.	0.2 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.4**	0.5 ± 0.0	2.2 ± 1.3
Eye blinks	2.7 ± 0.7	2.0 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 1.1	8.8 ± 3.3
Ptosis	0.0 ± 0.0	2.2 ± 0.6**	0.2 ± 0.0	2.7 ± 1.1*
Facial Fasc.	0.5 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.7*	0.7 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 1.9
Yawns	0.0 ± 0.0	1.6 ± 0.6**	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0
Shakes	0.0 ± 0.0	2.6 ± 1.5*	0.0 ± 0.0	4.0 ± 1.3**
Other signs	0.2 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.4	0.0 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0
Total signs	3.6 ± 0.8	13.9 ± 1.8**	4.5 ± 1.2	20.2 ± 3.1**

Asterisks (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01) indicate an increase in the number of somatic signs compared to the corresponding control group. Abdominal constrictions includes gasps and writhes; facial fasciculation includes cheek tremors, chews, and teeth chattering; shakes includes head shakes and body shakes; other signs includes escape attempts, foot licks, genital licks, scratches, and yawns. Data are expressed as means ± SEM.