TABLE 5.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of gestational weight gain with term primary cesarean section^* (versus vaginal delivery) among singleton births to New York City residents delivering in New York State, 1995 to 2003, n = 27,406

	Gestational weight gain
	No. cases	0–9 kg	No. cases	10–14 kg	No. cases	15–19 kg	No. cases	20+ kg
Overall, unadjusted	936	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	1,875	1.0	1,567	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	1,124	1.7 (1.6–1.9)
By BMI† (GWG * BMI p = .34)
Underweight	13	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	63	1.0	72	1.6 (1.1–2.3)	41	2.0 (1.3–3.2)
Normal weight	336	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	1,068	1.0	940	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	640	1.6 (1.4–1.8)
Overweight	259	0.8 (0.7–1.0)	440	1.0	346	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	280	1.4 (1.2–1.7)
Obese	328	0.8 (0.7–1.0)	304	1.0	209	1.3 (1.1–1.7)	163	1.5 (1.1–1.9)
By race/ethnicity † (GWG * race p = .52)
Non-Hispanic white	358	0.8 (0.7–1.0)	824	1.0	760	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	559	1.6 (1.4–1.8)
Non-Hispanic black	336	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	525	1.0	396	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	297	1.6 (1.3–1.9)
Hispanic	157	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	283	1.0	234	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	188	1.3 (1.1–1.7)
Asian	85	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	243	1.0	177	1.1 (0.8–1.3)	80	1.8 (1.3–2.4)

^*Primary Cesarean excludes 940 term vaginal births after Cesarean delivery and 3,315 term repeat cesarean deliveries.

^†Adjusted for BMI, race/ethnicity, maternal age, parity, education, tobacco.