TABLE 2. Outcomes According to Cortisol Quartiles at Baseline (12–48 Hours).
| N | Lower Quartile |
Middle Quartiles |
Upper Quartile |
P | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Quartile vs Middle Quartiles |
Upper Quartile vs Middle Quartiles |
||||||
| Outcomes | |||||||
| Death before postmenstrual age of 36 wk, n/N (%) |
332 | 8/83 (10) | 21/166 (13) | 19/83 (23) | .15 | 1.18 (0.46–3.02) | 2.08 (0.99–4.37) |
| BPD, n/N (%) | 281 | 43/74 (58) | 83/144 (58) | 39/63 (62) | .65 | 0.94 (0.50–1.77) | 1.31 (0.69–2.49) |
| Any IVH, n/N (%) | 320 | 20/82 (24) | 58/159 (36) | 39/79 (49) | .06 | 0.78 (0.41–1.48) | 1.73 (0.98–3.06) |
| Severe IVH, n/N (%) | 320 | 9/82 (11) | 19/159 (12) | 26/79 (33) | .001 | 1.80 (0.71–4.60) | 3.96 (1.91–8.21) |
| PVL, n/N (%) | 214 | 1/60 (2) | 8/110 (7) | 5/44 (11) | .12 | 0.18 (0.02–1.55) | 1.92 (0.55–6.65) |
| Any gastrointestinal perforation, n/N (%) | 332 | 2/83 (2) | 15/166 (9) | 12/83 (14) | .09 | 0.33 (0.07–1.55) | 1.78 (0.76–4.17) |
| Spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation, n/N (%) |
332 | 2/83 (2) | 7/166 (4) | 10/83 (12) | .11 | 0.93 (0.17–4.98) | 2.84 (0.99–8.15) |
| Nosocomial infection, n/N (%) | 332 | 35/83 (42) | 68/166 (41) | 38/83 (46) | .84 | 1.15 (0.65–2.04) | 1.14 (0.66–1.96) |
| Severe ROP, n/N (%) | 282 | 14/74 (19) | 47/145 (32) | 21/63 (33) | .53 | 0.69 (0.32–1.46) | 1.09 (0.55–2.16) |
| Treatments | |||||||
| Open-label hydrocortisone use during treatment, n/N (%) |
332 | 15/83 (18) | 49/166 (30) | 16/83 (19) | .17 | 0.68 (0.34–1.37) | 0.55 (0.28–1.07) |
| Vasopressor use during first 28 d, n/N (%) |
332 | 39/83 (47) | 127/166 (77) | 55/83 (66) | .004 | 0.37 (0.20–0.69) | 0.51 (0.28–0.96) |
| Duration of vasopressor use, median (interquartile range), d |
332 | 0 (0–4) | 4 (1–7) | 2 (0–6) | .21 | NA | NA |
N indicates the number of observations. P values refer to differences between all groups. The denominator for IVH is based on the number of infants with head ultrasound scans before death, the denominator for periventricular leukomalacia is based on the number of infants with head sonograms at 4 to 6 weeks of age, the denominator for BPD is based on survivors at postmenstrual age of 36 weeks, and the denominator for severe (stage 3 and above) retinopathy of prematurity is based on the number of infants diagnosed before death. Severe IVH includes grades 3 and 4. Any gastrointestinal perforation includes all causes. Spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation is not associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. PVL indicates periventricular leukomalacia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; NA, not applicable.