Table 4.
Factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in aspirin use among older adults at high cardiovascular risk (N = 1066)
| Unadjusted OR* (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race and Ethnicity | 0.094 | ||
| White, Non-Hispanic | Reference | Reference | |
| Black, Non-Hispanic | 0.54(0.34, 0.84) | 0.61 (0.37, 0.98) | 0.043 |
| Hispanic, Non-black | 0.56(0.30, 1.05) | 0.64 (0.33, 1.26) | 0.192 |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age group | 0.022 | ||
| 57–64 | Reference | Reference | |
| 65–74 | 1.46(0.96, 2.21) | 2.01(1.23, 3.27) | |
| 75–85 | 1.40(0.86, 2.30) | 1.86(1.08, 3.21) | |
| Gender | 0.065 | ||
| Men | Reference | Reference | |
| Women | 0.71(0.51, 0.97) | 0.71(0.49, 1.02) | |
| Comorbidity Index (continuous) | 1.05(0.97, 1.14) | 1.08(0.99, 1.17) | 0.069 |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | |||
| Education | 0.407 | ||
| Less than high school | Reference | Reference | |
| High school graduate | 1.03(0.67, 1.58) | 0.82(0.56, 1.20) | |
| Some college | 0.99(0.70, 1.42) | 0.75(0.50, 1.15) | |
| Bachelors or more | 0.98(0.58, 1.65) | 0.65(0.38, 1.11) | |
| Household income‡ | 0.062 | ||
| < = 100% federal poverty level | Reference | Reference | |
| 101–200% federal poverty level | 1.94(1.15, 3.25) | 1.80(1.06,3.04) | |
| >200% federal poverty level | 2.40(1.55, 3.73) | 2.12 (1.30, 3.43) | |
| Missing (<25k/yr) | 2.46(1.25, 4.86) | 2.09(0.98, 4.43) | |
| Missing (unknown) | 1.61(0.83, 3.12) | 1.62 (0.83, 3.13) | |
| Access to care characteristics | |||
| Health Insurance§ | 0.077 | ||
| No insurance | Reference | Reference | |
| Medicare | 2.05(0.94, 4.44) | 1.60 (0.57, 4.48) | |
| Private insurance | 2.40(0.81, 7.09) | 3.26(0.96, 11.00) | |
| Medicaid/VA/other | 1.67(0.56, 4.97) | 2.39(0.72, 7.94) | |
| Missing | 1.66(0.65,4.20) | 1.18 (0.41,3.40) | |
| Usual source of care¶ | 0.028 | ||
| None | Reference | Reference | |
| Clinic/Health center | 1.54 (0.76.3.14) | 1.59(0.73, 3.47) | |
| Doctors office/HMO | 1.50(0.71, 3.19) | 1.22(0.63, 2.36) | |
| Hospital ER/OP or Other | 0.89(0.39, 2.02) | 0.93(0.43, 2.01) | |
| Missing | 1.93(0.85,4.40) | 2.29(1.10, 4.77) |
Estimates are weighted to account for differential probabilities of selection and differential non-response.
p-values obtained from Wald tests based on the full model, using design-based variance estimates.
Those labeled as ‘Missing (<25k/yr)’ did not report a specific amount, but indicated that it was ‘less than $25,000 per year’; those labeled as ‘Missing (unknown)’ did not provide sufficient information to make this determination.
Those labeled ‘Private insurance’ are not covered by Medicare; those labeled ‘Medicaid/VA/other’ are not covered by Medicare or private insurance.
HMO refers to Health Maintenance Organization; ‘Hospital ER/OP’ refers to hospital emergency room or hospital outpatient.