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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012 Nov 10;18:67–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.014

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Effects of DMSO treatment on freezing-induced tissue deformation when freezing temperature is set at −20 °C (n=3). (a) When the DMSO concentration increases, the terminal freezing interface location decreases, and the value of λ decreases, indicating a slower freezing interface. The terminal freezing interface is at approximately 4600, 3600, and 2600 μm when 1, 2, and 3 M DMSO, respectively, are used. (b) Local dilatations experienced by engineered tissues treated with different concentrations of DMSO when X(t) = 2000 μm. The local dilatation experienced by the ETs decreases significantly as the DMSO concentration increases from 1 M to 2 M. (c) The magnitude of the maximum dilatation experienced by engineered tissues treated with different concentrations of DMSO.