Effect of TGF-β on PAI-1 and Col 1 gene expression in Cav-2 KO MLECs re-expressing WT and phosphorylation-deficient mutants of Cav-2. WT-Cav-2, S23/36A-Cav-2, and Y19/27F-Cav-2 MLECs were plated at 3 × 105 per 150 mm dish for 24 h, incubated without or with TGF-β (1 ng/ml) for additional 48 h, followed by total RNA isolation and real-time PCR as described in Section 2. Data are expressed as fold change by TGF-β relative to control samples, calculated based on the relative amount of target mRNA normalized to the endogenous reference GAPDH mRNA and represented as Mean ± S.D of three replications done in duplicates.