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Hammett correlation of the Pd(OAc)2/pyridine-catalyzed oxidative heterocyclization (data replotted from ref. 1014). Conditions: [Pd(OAc)2] = 2.0 mM, [pyridine] = 8.0 mM, [amide] = 100 mM, 4.0 ml of toluene, initial pO2 = 700 torr, 80 °C.