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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 2.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Healthc Mater. 2011 Dec 16;1(1):10–25. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201100021

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Scaffolds of electrospun nanofibers for tendon/ligament repair. A–D) In vitro experiments showing osteogenesis, which was inhibited by the use of scaffolds with aligned fibers (A, B) as compared with scaffolds with random fibers (C, D). Osteogenesis was indicated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining in black (A, C) and the mineral was marked by alizarin red staining in red (B, D). E, F) Masson’s trichrome staining showing bands of collagen fibers formed when scaffolds of (E) aligned and (F) random nanofibers were used in vivo at week 6. Aligned fibers induced the formation of aligned collagen fibers (indicated by the arrow) similar to the native collagen fibrils. G) SEM image showing a scaffold of aligned but crimped nanofibers collected with a mandrel at a very high rotating speed. H) The crimped structure could be preserved even after 4-week immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Reproduced with permission: (A–F) from Ref. [18], copyright 2010 Elseviser; and (G, H) from Ref. [106], copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.