Table 3.
The three definitions of hyporesponsiveness
| |
Monthly EPO dose |
Monthly EPO dose/patient weight in kg |
Resistance index* |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyporesponsiveness type | None | Chronic | Non-chronic | Any | None | Chronic | Non-chronic | Any | None | Chronic | Non-chronic | Any |
|
n |
111,422 |
6248 |
21,018 |
27,266 |
110,767 |
5905 |
22,016 |
27,921 |
110,022 |
5761 |
22,905 |
28,666 |
|
Sex |
||||||||||||
| Men |
51.6 |
54.7 |
52.0 |
52.6 |
52.9 |
48.3 |
47.3 |
47.5 |
51.6 |
55.0 |
51.7 |
52.4 |
| Women |
48.4 |
45.3 |
48.0 |
47.4 |
47.1 |
51.7 |
52.7 |
52.5 |
48.4 |
45.0 |
48.3 |
47.6 |
|
Race |
||||||||||||
| White |
52.6 |
46.2 |
46.5 |
46.4 |
52.5 |
45.8 |
47.2 |
46.9 |
52.6 |
46.4 |
46.7 |
46.6 |
| African American |
40.5 |
49.8 |
48.8 |
49.1 |
40.9 |
48.4 |
46.7 |
47.0 |
40.5 |
49.6 |
48.4 |
48.6 |
| Other |
6.9 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
4.5 |
6.5 |
5.9 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
6.9 |
4.0 |
4.9 |
4.7 |
|
Age, years |
||||||||||||
| < 40 |
7.5 |
12.9 |
10.1 |
10.7 |
7.5 |
13.7 |
9.8 |
10.6 |
7.4 |
13.3 |
10.1 |
10.7 |
| 40 to 64 |
42.7 |
54.9 |
49.6 |
50.8 |
43.7 |
49.2 |
45.8 |
46.5 |
42.7 |
54.8 |
49.2 |
50.3 |
| 65 to 74 |
25.5 |
19.8 |
23.4 |
22.6 |
25.3 |
20.5 |
23.8 |
23.1 |
25.4 |
19.4 |
23.7 |
22.8 |
| ≥ 75 |
24.4 |
12.5 |
16.9 |
15.9 |
23.5 |
16.6 |
20.5 |
19.7 |
24.5 |
12.5 |
17.0 |
16.1 |
|
Cause of renal failure |
||||||||||||
| Diabetes |
45.3 |
38.7 |
44.6 |
43.3 |
46.3 |
32.4 |
41.3 |
39.4 |
45.3 |
38.3 |
44.5 |
43.3 |
| Hypertension |
29.6 |
27.8 |
28.4 |
28.3 |
29.2 |
29.6 |
29.9 |
29.8 |
29.6 |
27.7 |
28.5 |
28.3 |
| Glomerulonephritis |
10.0 |
12.2 |
10.6 |
10.9 |
9.9 |
13.2 |
10.8 |
11.3 |
10.2 |
10.0 |
12.1 |
10.5 |
| Cystic kidney disease |
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
| Other |
13.0 |
19.3 |
14.5 |
15.6 |
12.5 |
22.6 |
16.0 |
17.4 |
13.5 |
12.9 |
19.8 |
14.4 |
|
Dialysis duration, years |
||||||||||||
| < 1 |
9.8 |
7.7 |
8.9 |
8.6 |
9.8 |
7.5 |
8.8 |
8.5 |
9.8 |
7.9 |
8.9 |
8.7 |
| 1 to < 3 |
33.5 |
26.3 |
29.7 |
29.0 |
33.9 |
24.2 |
28.6 |
27.7 |
33.5 |
26.4 |
30.0 |
29.3 |
| 3 to < 5 |
23.6 |
23.2 |
23.5 |
23.4 |
23.8 |
21.2 |
23.1 |
22.7 |
23.6 |
22.9 |
23.5 |
23.4 |
| ≥ 5 |
33.1 |
42.8 |
37.9 |
39.0 |
32.5 |
47.0 |
39.5 |
41.1 |
33.1 |
42.9 |
37.5 |
38.6 |
|
Average BMI, kg/m2 |
||||||||||||
| < 18.5 |
3.6 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
2.8 |
8.3 |
6.9 |
7.2 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
| ≥ 18.5 and < 25 |
35.2 |
30.4 |
34.5 |
33.6 |
32.2 |
47.2 |
44.7 |
45.2 |
35.1 |
31.1 |
34.8 |
34.1 |
| ≥ 25 and < 30 |
28.9 |
25.6 |
27.4 |
27.0 |
29.2 |
25.1 |
26.2 |
26.0 |
28.9 |
25.9 |
27.2 |
26.9 |
| ≥ 30 |
32.3 |
40.7 |
34.1 |
35.6 |
35.8 |
19.4 |
22.1 |
21.5 |
32.4 |
39.5 |
33.9 |
35.0 |
|
Antecedent comorbid conditions |
||||||||||||
| ASHD |
20.4 |
26.0 |
29.0 |
28.3 |
20.3 |
26.8 |
29.1 |
28.6 |
20.3 |
25.9 |
28.7 |
28.1 |
| CHF |
17.2 |
29.9 |
29.1 |
29.3 |
17.0 |
30.7 |
29.6 |
29.8 |
17.1 |
29.9 |
28.8 |
29.0 |
| CVA/TIA |
6.9 |
7.5 |
10.0 |
9.5 |
6.7 |
8.7 |
10.5 |
10.1 |
6.9 |
7.6 |
9.9 |
9.4 |
| PVD |
14.8 |
23.1 |
23.6 |
23.5 |
14.9 |
22.7 |
23.3 |
23.2 |
14.8 |
23.4 |
23.3 |
23.3 |
| Other cardiac disease |
10.6 |
20.3 |
19.5 |
19.7 |
10.4 |
21.8 |
20.0 |
20.4 |
10.6 |
20.4 |
19.0 |
19.3 |
| COPD |
7.3 |
13.2 |
12.8 |
12.9 |
7.2 |
13.6 |
12.9 |
13.0 |
7.3 |
13.4 |
12.6 |
12.8 |
| GI bleeding |
2.5 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
2.4 |
8.0 |
6.4 |
6.7 |
2.5 |
7.6 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
| Liver disease |
5.2 |
7.4 |
6.6 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
7.7 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
5.2 |
7.6 |
6.6 |
6.8 |
| Dysrhythmia |
12.4 |
19.1 |
19.0 |
19.0 |
12.2 |
20.0 |
19.1 |
19.3 |
12.4 |
19.3 |
18.6 |
18.7 |
| Cancer |
3.6 |
7.2 |
5.6 |
6.0 |
3.5 |
8.0 |
5.6 |
6.1 |
3.6 |
7.6 |
5.5 |
5.9 |
| Diabetes |
48.9 |
49.2 |
53.6 |
52.6 |
49.8 |
43.6 |
50.4 |
49.0 |
48.9 |
49.3 |
53.6 |
52.7 |
|
Concurrent comorbid conditions |
||||||||||||
| ASHD |
28.4 |
32.9 |
38.4 |
37.2 |
28.3 |
33.6 |
38.4 |
37.4 |
28.3 |
33.2 |
38.4 |
37.3 |
| CHF |
24.6 |
38.9 |
40.4 |
40.1 |
24.3 |
40.2 |
40.9 |
40.7 |
24.4 |
39.9 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
| CVA/TIA |
10.2 |
10.5 |
14.6 |
13.7 |
9.9 |
11.9 |
15.5 |
14.7 |
10.1 |
10.7 |
14.6 |
13.8 |
| PVD |
22.8 |
30.3 |
33.7 |
32.9 |
22.8 |
30.5 |
33.6 |
32.9 |
22.6 |
31.1 |
33.7 |
33.2 |
| Other cardiac disease |
17.2 |
28.3 |
30.0 |
29.6 |
16.9 |
30.9 |
30.6 |
30.7 |
17.0 |
29.2 |
29.9 |
29.8 |
| COPD |
11.1 |
18.2 |
18.4 |
18.3 |
11.0 |
18.1 |
18.5 |
18.4 |
11.0 |
19.1 |
18.2 |
18.4 |
| GI bleeding |
4.1 |
10.6 |
10.1 |
10.2 |
4.0 |
11.9 |
10.2 |
10.6 |
4.0 |
11.4 |
10.2 |
10.4 |
| Liver disease |
6.0 |
8.9 |
7.9 |
8.1 |
5.9 |
9.4 |
7.9 |
8.2 |
6.0 |
9.3 |
7.7 |
8.0 |
| Dysrhythmia |
18.1 |
25.1 |
27.1 |
26.6 |
18.0 |
26.8 |
27.1 |
27.0 |
18.0 |
25.8 |
26.8 |
26.6 |
| Cancer |
5.0 |
9.9 |
7.4 |
8.0 |
4.9 |
10.6 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
5.0 |
10.5 |
7.4 |
8.0 |
| Diabetes |
56.7 |
55.6 |
60.8 |
59.6 |
57.7 |
49.3 |
57.5 |
55.8 |
56.6 |
55.5 |
60.8 |
59.7 |
|
Number of vascular access complication |
||||||||||||
| 0 |
61.9 |
64.0 |
53.0 |
55.5 |
63.7 |
56.1 |
54.5 |
54.8 |
64.2 |
55.1 |
53.0 |
53.4 |
| 1-3 |
19.9 |
19.1 |
23.3 |
22.4 |
19.2 |
21.9 |
22.7 |
22.5 |
19.1 |
21.8 |
23.2 |
22.9 |
| ≥ 4 |
18.2 |
16.9 |
23.7 |
22.1 |
17.0 |
22.0 |
22.9 |
22.7 |
16.7 |
23.1 |
23.8 |
23.7 |
|
Average iron dose per month, mg |
||||||||||||
| Non-users |
16.2 |
13.0 |
10.1 |
10.7 |
16.0 |
14.2 |
11.1 |
11.8 |
16.2 |
13.5 |
10.4 |
11.0 |
| < 233 |
23.0 |
11.4 |
14.2 |
13.5 |
22.9 |
12.4 |
14.9 |
14.3 |
23.1 |
11.4 |
14.4 |
13.8 |
| ≥ 233 and < 360 |
21.5 |
16.6 |
20.1 |
19.3 |
21.5 |
17.1 |
20.2 |
19.5 |
21.5 |
16.4 |
20.3 |
19.5 |
| ≥ 360 and < 460 |
20.5 |
20.9 |
22.9 |
22.5 |
20.6 |
20.7 |
22.3 |
21.9 |
20.6 |
20.4 |
22.5 |
22.1 |
| ≥ 460 |
18.8 |
38.1 |
32.7 |
34.0 |
19.1 |
35.5 |
31.6 |
32.4 |
18.7 |
38.3 |
32.4 |
33.6 |
|
IV antibiotic use |
||||||||||||
| No |
76.9 |
79.6 |
66.5 |
69.5 |
79.4 |
66.3 |
67.5 |
67.2 |
79.7 |
64.9 |
66.5 |
66.2 |
| Yes |
23.1 |
20.5 |
33.5 |
30.5 |
20.6 |
33.7 |
32.5 |
32.8 |
20.3 |
35.1 |
33.5 |
33.8 |
|
Number of hospital admissions |
||||||||||||
| 0 |
63.3 |
68.3 |
42.1 |
48.1 |
68.6 |
43.6 |
42.0 |
42.3 |
68.7 |
43.5 |
42.2 |
42.5 |
| 1 |
20.8 |
19.4 |
26.4 |
24.8 |
19.4 |
26.2 |
26.7 |
26.6 |
19.3 |
26.7 |
26.7 |
26.7 |
| ≥ 2 |
15.9 |
12.3 |
31.5 |
27.1 |
12.1 |
30.2 |
31.4 |
31.1 |
12.0 |
29.8 |
31.2 |
30.9 |
|
Number of hospitalization days |
||||||||||||
| 0 |
63.3 |
68.3 |
42.1 |
48.1 |
68.6 |
43.6 |
42.0 |
42.3 |
68.7 |
43.5 |
42.2 |
42.5 |
| 1-7 |
18.4 |
17.3 |
22.1 |
21.0 |
17.3 |
23.8 |
22.2 |
22.5 |
17.2 |
24.1 |
22.4 |
22.7 |
| ≥ 8 |
18.4 |
14.4 |
35.8 |
30.9 |
14.1 |
32.6 |
35.8 |
35.1 |
14.1 |
32.4 |
35.4 |
34.8 |
|
Infectious hospitalizations |
||||||||||||
| No |
88.2 |
90.6 |
78.0 |
80.9 |
90.7 |
79.1 |
78.2 |
78.4 |
90.8 |
78.9 |
78.3 |
78.4 |
| Yes |
11.8 |
9.4 |
22.0 |
19.1 |
9.3 |
20.9 |
21.8 |
21.6 |
9.2 |
21.1 |
21.7 |
21.6 |
|
Dialysis provider |
||||||||||||
| Non-profit |
14.0 |
14.7 |
11.2 |
12.0 |
14.6 |
13.0 |
11.6 |
11.9 |
14.6 |
12.5 |
11.7 |
11.9 |
| For profit |
85.0 |
84.4 |
87.5 |
86.8 |
84.5 |
85.8 |
87.1 |
86.8 |
84.5 |
86.4 |
87.0 |
86.9 |
| Unknown |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
|
Region |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northeast |
15.7 |
15.7 |
15.4 |
15.5 |
15.6 |
15.6 |
15.9 |
15.8 |
15.8 |
15.3 |
15.3 |
15.3 |
| Midwest |
19.1 |
19.4 |
17.5 |
17.9 |
19.5 |
17.5 |
17.2 |
17.3 |
19.4 |
19.0 |
17.8 |
18.0 |
| South |
45.2 |
43.7 |
51.7 |
49.8 |
44.0 |
49.4 |
50.3 |
50.1 |
43.7 |
50.2 |
51.4 |
51.2 |
| West |
17.2 |
18.3 |
12.9 |
14.2 |
18.0 |
14.8 |
14.1 |
14.2 |
18.3 |
12.9 |
13.1 |
13.1 |
| Unknown | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; EPO, erythropoietin; GI, gastrointestinal; IV, intravenous; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
*Monthly EPO dose divided by patient hemoglobin level.