Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios for hyporesponsiveness
| |
Monthly EPO dose |
Monthly EPO dose/patient weight in kg |
Resistance index* |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P | ||
|
Sex |
||||||
| Men |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Women |
1.08 (1.04-1.11) |
< 0.0001 |
1.49 (1.44-1.54) |
< 0.0001 |
1.08 (1.05-1.11) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Race |
||||||
| White |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| African American |
1.11 (1.07-1.15) |
< 0.0001 |
1.07 (1.03-1.11) |
< 0.0001 |
1.10 (1.06-1.14) |
< 0.0001 |
| Other |
1.01 (0.94-1.08) |
0.89 |
1.22 (1.15-1.30) |
< 0.0001 |
1.04 (0.97-1.12) |
0.23 |
|
Age- years |
||||||
| < 40 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| 40 to 64 |
0.87 (0.82-0.92) |
< 0.0001 |
0.85 (0.81-0.90) |
< 0.0001 |
0.86 (0.81-0.91) |
< 0.0001 |
| 65 to 74 |
0.68 (0.64-0.73) |
< 0.0001 |
0.73 (0.68-0.77) |
< 0.0001 |
0.69 (0.65-0.73) |
< 0.0001 |
| ≥ 75 |
0.54 (0.51-0.58) |
< 0.0001 |
0.61 (0.57-0.65) |
< 0.0001 |
0.54 (0.51-0.57) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Cause of renal failure |
||||||
| Diabetes |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
s |
| Hypertension |
1.11 (1.06-1.16) |
< 0.0001 |
1.12 (1.07-1.17) |
< 0.0001 |
1.12 (1.07-1.17) |
< 0.0001 |
| Glomerulonephritis |
1.20 (1.13-1.28) |
< 0.0001 |
1.18 (1.11-1.25) |
< 0.0001 |
1.22 (1.15-1.30) |
< 0.0001 |
| Cystic kidney disease |
1.05 (0.94-1.18) |
0.3771 |
1.03 (0.93-1.15) |
0.5768 |
1.07 (0.96-1.20) |
0.2223 |
| Other |
1.40 (1.32-1.47) |
< 0.0001 |
1.44 (1.36-1.52) |
< 0.0001 |
1.40 (1.33-1.48) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Dialysis duration- years |
||||||
| < 1 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| 1 to < 3 |
1.13 (1.06-1.19) |
< 0.0001 |
1.05 (0.99-1.11) |
0.10 |
1.13 (1.07-1.19) |
< 0.0001 |
| 3 to < 5 |
1.36 (1.29-1.45) |
< 0.0001 |
1.28 (1.21-1.36) |
< 0.0001 |
1.34 (1.27-1.42) |
< 0.0001 |
| ≥ 5 |
1.60 (1.51-1.70) |
< 0.0001 |
1.57 (1.48-1.66) |
< 0.0001 |
1.56 (1.47-1.65) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Average BMI- kg/m2 |
||||||
| < 18.5 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| ≥ 18.5 and < 25 |
0.97 (0.90-1.05) |
0.48 |
0.56 (0.52-0.60) |
< 0.0001 |
0.94 (0.87-1.02) |
0.12 |
| ≥ 25 and < 30 |
0.99 (0.91-1.07) |
0.73 |
0.35 (0.32-0.37) |
< 0.0001 |
0.94 (0.86-1.02) |
0.12 |
| ≥ 30 |
1.05 (0.97-1.14) |
0.23 |
0.20 (0.18-0.21) |
< 0.0001 |
0.99 (0.91-1.07) |
0.79 |
|
Antecedent comorbid conditions |
||||||
| ASHD |
1.08 (1.04-1.13) |
0.0002 |
1.11 (1.06-1.15) |
< 0.0001 |
1.08 (1.04-1.13) |
0.0002 |
| CHF |
1.23 (1.18-1.28) |
< 0.0001 |
1.24 (1.19-1.29) |
< 0.0001 |
1.24 (1.19-1.29) |
< 0.0001 |
| CVA/TIA |
1.05 (0.99-1.11) |
0.09 |
1.07 (1.01-1.13) |
0.02 |
1.05 (0.99-1.11) |
0.12 |
| PVD |
1.25 (1.20-1.30) |
< 0.0001 |
1.21 (1.17-1.26) |
< 0.0001 |
1.24 (1.19-1.29) |
< 0.0001 |
| Other cardiac disease |
1.25 (1.20-1.31) |
< 0.0001 |
1.27 (1.21-1.32) |
< 0.0001 |
1.21 (1.16-1.26) |
< 0.0001 |
| COPD |
1.18 (1.12-1.25) |
< 0.0001 |
1.16 (1.10-1.23) |
< 0.0001 |
1.16 (1.10-1.23) |
< 0.0001 |
| GI bleeding |
1.51 (1.40-1.62) |
< 0.0001 |
1.62 (1.51-1.74) |
< 0.0001 |
1.56 (1.45-1.68) |
< 0.0001 |
| Liver disease |
1.17 (1.07-1.28) |
0.00 |
1.13 (1.04-1.24) |
0.01 |
1.19 (1.09-1.30) |
< 0.0001 |
| Dysrhythmia |
1.16 (1.10-1.21) |
< 0.0001 |
1.15 (1.09-1.20) |
< 0.0001 |
1.14 (1.09-1.19) |
< 0.0001 |
| Cancer |
1.45 (1.33-1.57) |
< 0.0001 |
1.36 (1.26-1.48) |
< 0.0001 |
1.43 (1.32-1.55) |
< 0.0001 |
| Diabetes |
1.07 (1.02-1.13) |
0.00 |
1.06 (1.01-1.11) |
0.02 |
1.09 (1.04-1.14) |
0.00 |
|
Concurrent comorbid conditions |
||||||
| ASHD |
0.94 (0.90-0.97) |
0.00 |
0.93 (0.90-0.97) |
0.00 |
0.94 (0.90-0.97) |
0.00 |
| CHF |
1.12 (1.08-1.17) |
< 0.0001 |
1.14 (1.09-1.18) |
< 0.0001 |
1.10 (1.06-1.15) |
< 0.0001 |
| CVA/TIA |
0.94 (0.90-0.99) |
0.02 |
0.99 (0.94-1.04) |
0.59 |
0.94 (0.89-0.99) |
0.01 |
| PVD |
1.02 (0.98-1.06) |
0.25 |
1.03 (1.00-1.07) |
0.08 |
1.03 (1.00-1.07) |
0.09 |
| Other cardiac disease |
1.14 (1.10-1.18) |
< 0.0001 |
1.16 (1.12-1.20) |
< 0.0001 |
1.15 (1.10-1.19) |
< 0.0001 |
| COPD |
1.04 (0.99-1.09) |
0.15 |
1.01 (0.96-1.06) |
0.63 |
1.04 (1.00-1.09) |
0.08 |
| GI bleeding |
1.45 (1.36-1.53) |
< 0.0001 |
1.44 (1.35-1.52) |
< 0.0001 |
1.50 (1.41-1.59) |
< 0.0001 |
| Liver disease |
1.05 (0.97-1.14) |
0.24 |
1.09 (1.01-1.19) |
0.03 |
1.01 (0.93-1.09) |
0.86 |
| Dysrhythmia |
1.03 (0.98-1.07) |
0.21 |
1.00 (0.96-1.04) |
0.87 |
1.02 (0.98-1.07) |
0.31 |
| Cancer |
1.32 (1.23-1.42) |
< 0.0001 |
1.36 (1.27-1.47) |
< 0.0001 |
1.32 (1.23-1.41) |
< 0.0001 |
| Diabetes |
1.02 (0.97-1.07) |
0.38 |
0.98 (0.93-1.03) |
0.39 |
1.02 (0.98-1.07) |
0.35 |
|
Number of vascular access complication |
||||||
| 0 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| 1-3 |
1.10 (1.06-1.15) |
< 0.0001 |
1.07 (1.03-1.11) |
0.0005 |
1.10 (1.06-1.14) |
< 0.0001 |
| ≥ 4 |
1.15 (1.10-1.20) |
< 0.0001 |
1.13 (1.08-1.17) |
< 0.0001 |
1.16 (1.11-1.21) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Average iron dose per month- mg |
||||||
| Non-users |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| < 233 |
1.00 (0.94-1.06) |
0.9360 |
0.97 (0.92-1.03) |
0.3598 |
0.97 (0.91-1.02) |
0.2483 |
| ≥ 233 and < 360 |
1.31 (1.23-1.38) |
< 0.0001 |
1.25 (1.18-1.32) |
< 0.0001 |
1.28 (1.21-1.35) |
< 0.0001 |
| ≥ 360 and < 460 |
1.55 (1.47-1.64) |
< 0.0001 |
1.45 (1.38-1.53) |
< 0.0001 |
1.48 (1.40-1.56) |
< 0.0001 |
| ≥ 460 |
2.36 (2.24-2.50) |
< 0.0001 |
2.19 (2.07-2.31) |
< 0.0001 |
2.27 (2.15-2.39) |
< 0.0001 |
|
IV antibiotic use |
||||||
| No |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Yes |
1.26 (1.22-1.31) |
< 0.0001 |
1.26 (1.22-1.31) |
< 0.0001 |
1.26 (1.22-1.31) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Number of hospital admissions |
||||||
| 0 |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| 1 |
1.49 (1.43-1.56) |
< 0.0001 |
1.51 (1.45-1.58) |
< 0.0001 |
1.54 (1.48-1.60) |
< 0.0001 |
| ≥ 2 |
1.88 (1.77-1.98) |
< 0.0001 |
1.91 (1.81-2.02) |
< 0.0001 |
1.95 (1.84-2.06) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Infectious hospitalizations |
||||||
| No |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Yes |
1.10 (1.05-1.15) |
< 0.0001 |
1.13 (1.08-1.18) |
< 0.0001 |
1.10 (1.05-1.15) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Dialysis provider |
||||||
| Non-profit |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| For profit |
1.19 (1.10-1.28) |
< 0.0001 |
1.19 (1.10-1.28) |
< 0.0001 |
1.18 (1.09-1.27) |
< 0.0001 |
| Unknown |
1.56 (1.33-1.83) |
< 0.0001 |
1.57 (1.34-1.85) |
< 0.0001 |
1.49 (1.27-1.75) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Region |
||||||
| Northeast |
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
1.00 |
|
| Midwest |
0.89 (0.85-0.94) |
< 0.0001 |
0.88 (0.84-0.93) |
< 0.0001 |
0.92 (0.87-0.97) |
0.0013 |
| South |
1.16 (1.11-1.21) |
< 0.0001 |
1.14 (1.09-1.19) |
< 0.0001 |
1.17 (1.12-1.23) |
< 0.0001 |
| West |
0.80 (0.75-0.84) |
< 0.0001 |
0.83 (0.79-0.88) |
< 0.0001 |
0.81 (0.77-0.86) |
< 0.0001 |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.82-1.00) | 0.0576 | 0.90 (0.82-1.00) | 0.0401 | 0.88 (0.80-0.97) | 0.0116 |
ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; EPO, erythropoietin; GI, gastrointestinal; IV, intravenous; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
*Monthly EPO dose divided by patient hemoglobin level.