Table 2.
Quality assessment of included randomized clinical trials.
| First author (year) | PEDro scale item | Cochrane risk of bias | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | Total | L | M | N | O | P | Q | |||
| Patient | Therapists | Assessors | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chen [3] (1995) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Wong [4] (2003) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | U | U | N | N | Y | U | U | N |
| Cui [5] (2004) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Xu [6] (2004) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Chen [7] (2005) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Gu [8] (2005)a | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | N | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Ma [9] (2005) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | U | Y | N | N | Y | U | U | N |
| Sheng [10] (2009) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Huang [11] (2002) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Zhang [12] (2008) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Zhou [13] (2007) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Cheng [14] (1998) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | Y | U | U |
| Gu [15] (2005)b | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | U | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Liu [16] (2009) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | N | U | N | N | U | U | U | N |
| Dyson-Hudson [17] (2007) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | Y | U | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N |
| Dyson-Hudson [18] (2001) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | Y | U | N | N | Y | Y | U | N |
PEDro scale items (each satisfied item except the first item contributes 1 point to the total PEDro score): A: eligibility criteria specified, B: randomization, C: allocation concealment, D: groups similar at baseline, E: blinded subjects, F: blinded therapist, G: blinded assessors, H: adequacy of followup, I: ITT analysis, J: between-group comparison, K: point and variability measures; 1: item positive, 0: item negative or unknown.
Cochrane risk of bias: L: was the allocation sequence adequately generated? M: was allocation adequately concealed? N: was knowledge of the allocated intervention adequately prevented during the study? O: were incomplete outcome data adequately addressed? P: are reports of the study free of suggestion of selective outcome reporting? Q: was the study apparently free of other problems that could put it at a high risk of bias? Yes (Y): low risk of bias, no (N): high risk of bias, and unclear (U): uncertain risk of bias.